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http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/62:1
كيفية الوضوء بالصور
62
Al-Jumu'ah
Friday
Ibn Kathir - English
Verse
1
Page 553
The Virtues of Surat Al-Jumu`ah
Ibn
`Abbas and Abu Hurayrah narrated that Allah's Messenger used to recite
Surat Al-Jumu`ah and Surat Al-Munafiqin during the Friday Prayer. Muslim
collected this Hadith in his Sahih.
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿ يُسَبِّحُ لِلَّهِ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ ٱلۡمَلِكِ ٱلۡقُدُّوسِ ٱلۡعَزِيزِ ٱلۡحَكِيمِ •
هُوَ ٱلَّذِى بَعَثَ فِى ٱلۡأُمِّيِّـۧنَ رَسُولاً۬ مِّنۡہُمۡ يَتۡلُواْ
عَلَيۡہِمۡ ءَايَـٰتِهِۦ وَيُزَكِّيہِمۡ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبَ
وَٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ وَإِن كَانُواْ مِن قَبۡلُ لَفِى ضَلَـٰلٍ۬ مُّبِينٍ۬ • وَءَاخَرِينَ مِنۡہُمۡ لَمَّا يَلۡحَقُواْ بِہِمۡۚ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ • ذَٲلِكَ فَضۡلُ ٱللَّهِ يُؤۡتِيهِ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَٱللَّهُ ذُو ٱلۡفَضۡلِ ٱلۡعَظِيمِ ﴾
(1.
Whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is on the earth glorifies
Allah -- the King, the Holy, the Almighty, the All-Wise.) (2. He it is
Who sent among the unlettered ones a Messenger from among themselves,
reciting to them His Ayat, purifying them, and teaching them the Book
and the Hikmah. And verily, they had been before in manifest error.) (3.
And others among them who have not yet joined them. And He is the
Almighty, the All-Wise.) (4. That is the grace of Allah, which He
bestows on whom He wills. And Allah is the Owner of mighty grace.)
Everything
praises and glorifies Allah Allah states that everything in the heavens
and the earth glorifies His praises, including all types of living
creatures and inanimate objects
Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah,
﴿ وَإِن مِّن شَىۡءٍ إِلَّا يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمۡدِهِۦ ﴾
(Glorify Him and there is not a thing but glorifies His praise) (17:44) Allah said,
﴿ ٱلۡمَلِكُ ٱلۡقُدُّوسُ ﴾
(the
King, the Holy,) meaning that He is the Owner and King of the heavens
and the earth Who has perfect control over their affairs. He is the
Holy, free of all shortcomings, His attributes are perfect,
﴿ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ﴾
(the Almighty, the All-Wise.) whose explanation is already discussed in many places.
The Favor that Allah granted by sending Muhammad
Allah the Exalted said,
﴿ هُوَ ٱلَّذِى بَعَثَ فِى ٱلۡأُمِّيِّـۧنَ رَسُولاً۬ مِّنۡہُمۡ ﴾
(He
it is Who sent among the unlettered ones a Messenger from among
themselves,) the word `unlettered' here refers to the Arabs. Allah the
Exalted said in another Ayah,
﴿
وَقُل لِّلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبَ وَٱلۡأُمِّيِّـۧنَ
ءَأَسۡلَمۡتُمۡۚ فَإِنۡ أَسۡلَمُواْ فَقَدِ ٱهۡتَدَواْۖ وَّإِن
تَوَلَّوۡاْ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيۡكَ ٱلۡبَلَـٰغُۗ وَٱللَّهُ بَصِيرُۢ
بِٱلۡعِبَادِ ﴾
(And
say to those who were given the Scripture and those who are
illiterates: "Do you submit yourselves If they do, they are rightly
guided; but if they turn away, your duty is only to convey the message;
and Allah is All-Seer of (His) servants.) (3:20) Mentioning the
unlettered ones in specific here does not mean that Muhammad was only
sent to them, because the blessing to the Arabs is greater than that of
other nations. In another Ayah, Allah said,
﴿ وَإِنَّهُ ۥ لَذِكۡرٌ۬ لَّكَ وَلِقَوۡمِكَۖ ﴾
(And
verily, this is indeed a Reminder for you and your people) (43:44).
Surely, the Qur'an is also a reminder for those other than Arabs to take
heed. Allah the Exalted said,
﴿ وَأَنذِرۡ عَشِيرَتَكَ ٱلۡأَقۡرَبِينَ ﴾
(And warn your tribe of near kindred.) (26:214) These Ayat do not negate Allah's statements,
﴿ قُلۡ يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ إِنِّى رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ إِلَيۡڪُمۡ جَمِيعًا ﴾
(Say: "O mankind! verily, I am sent to you all as the Messenger of Allah.) (7:158), and,
﴿ لِأُنذِرَكُم بِهِۦ وَمَنۢ بَلَغَۚ ﴾
(that I may therewith warn you and whomsoever it may reach.) (6:19) and in His statement about the Qur'an,
﴿ وَمَن يَكۡفُرۡ بِهِۦ مِنَ ٱلۡأَحۡزَابِ فَٱلنَّارُ مَوۡعِدُهُ ۥۚ ﴾
(But
those of the groups that reject it, the Fire will be their promised
meeting place.) (11:17) There are other Ayat that indicate that his
Message is universal. He, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him,
was sent to all people, mankind and the Jinns alike. We mentioned this
meaning before in Surat Al-An`am producing various Ayat and Hadiths. All
praise and thanks are to due to Allah. This Ayah testifies that Allah
has indeed accepted the invocation of His friend Ibrahim when he
supplicated Allah to send a Messenger to the people of Makkah from among
them their own. One who will recite to them Allah's statements, purify
them and teach them the Book and the Hikmah. So, Allah -- all praise and
thanks be to Him -- sent him when the Messengers ceased and the way was
obscure. Indeed it was a time when it was most needed. Especially since
Allah hated the people of the earth, Arabs and non-Arabs alike, except
for a few of the People of the Scripture, who kept to the true faith
Allah the Exalted sent to `Isa bin Maryam (peace be upon him). This is
why Allah said,
﴿
هُوَ ٱلَّذِى بَعَثَ فِى ٱلۡأُمِّيِّـۧنَ رَسُولاً۬ مِّنۡہُمۡ يَتۡلُواْ
عَلَيۡہِمۡ ءَايَـٰتِهِۦ وَيُزَكِّيہِمۡ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبَ
وَٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ وَإِن كَانُواْ مِن قَبۡلُ لَفِى ضَلَـٰلٍ۬ مُّبِينٍ۬ ﴾
(He
it is Who sent among the unlettered ones a Messenger from among
themselves, reciting to them His Ayat, purifying them, and teaching them
the Book and the Hikmah. And verily, they had been before in manifest
error.) In ancient times, the Arabs used to adhere by the religion of
Ibrahim (peace be upon him). They later changed, corrupted and
contradicted it, choosing polytheism instead of Tawhid and doubts
instead of certainty. They invented a religion that Allah did not
legislate, just as the People of the Scriptures did when they changed
and corrupted their Divine Books. Allah sent Muhammad, with a great
divine legislation, perfect religion that is suitable for all humans and
Jinns. In it, there is guidance and explanations of all that they need
in this life and the Hereafter. It draws them closer to Paradise and
Allah's pleasure and takes them away from the Fire and earning Allah's
anger. In it, there is the final judgment for all types of doubts and
suspicion for all major and minor matters of the religion. In Muhammad,
Allah gathered all the good qualities of the Prophets before him, and
gave him what He has never given the earlier and later generations of
mankind. May Allah's peace and blessings be on Muhammad until the Day of
Judgment.
Muhammad is the Messenger to Arabs and Non-Arabs alike
Allah said,
﴿ وَءَاخَرِينَ مِنۡہُمۡ لَمَّا يَلۡحَقُواْ بِہِمۡۚ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ﴾
(And
others among them who have not yet joined them. And He is the Almighty,
the All-Wise.) Imam Abu `Abdullah Al-Bukhari, may Allah have mercy upon
him, recorded that Abu Hurayrah said, "We were sitting with the
Prophet, when Surat Al-Jumu`ah was revealed to him;
﴿ وَءَاخَرِينَ مِنۡہُمۡ لَمَّا يَلۡحَقُواْ بِہِمۡۚ ﴾
(And
others among them who have not yet joined them.) They said, `Who are
they, O Allah's Messenger' The Prophet did not reply until they repeated
the question thrice. At that time, Salman Al-Farisi was with us. So
Allah's Messenger placed his hand on Salman, saying,
« لَوْ كَانَ الْإِيمَانُ عِنْدَ الثُّرَيَّا لَنَالَهُ رِجَالٌ أَوْ رَجُلٌ مِنْ هؤُلَاءِ »
(If
faith were on Ath-Thurayya (Pleiades), even then some men or a man from
these people would attain it.)'' Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa`i, Ibn
Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir collected this Hadith. This Hadith indicates
that Surat Al-Jumu`ah was revealed in Al-Madinah and that the
Messenger's Message is universal. The Prophet explained Allah's
statement,
﴿ وَءَاخَرِينَ مِنۡہُمۡ ﴾
(And
others among them) by mentioning Persia. This is why the Prophet sent
messages to the kings of Persia and Rome, among other kings, calling
them to Allah the Exalted and to follow what he was sent with. This is
why Mujahid and several others said that Allah's statement,
﴿ وَءَاخَرِينَ مِنۡہُمۡ لَمَّا يَلۡحَقُواْ بِہِمۡۚ ﴾
(And
others among them who have not yet joined them.) refers to all
non-Arabs who believe in the truth of the Prophet. Allah's statement,
﴿ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ﴾
(And
He is the Almighty, the All-Wise.) asserts that He is Almighty and
All-Wise in His legislation and the destiny He appoints. Allah's
statement,
﴿ ذَٲلِكَ فَضۡلُ ٱللَّهِ يُؤۡتِيهِ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَٱللَّهُ ذُو ٱلۡفَضۡلِ ٱلۡعَظِيمِ ﴾
(That
is the grace of Allah, which He bestows on whom He wills. And Allah is
the Owner of mighty grace.) refers to the great prophethood that He
granted Muhammad and the qualities that He favored his Ummah with, by
sending Muhammad to them.
﴿
مَثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ حُمِّلُواْ ٱلتَّوۡرَٮٰةَ ثُمَّ لَمۡ يَحۡمِلُوهَا
كَمَثَلِ ٱلۡحِمَارِ يَحۡمِلُ أَسۡفَارَۢاۚ بِئۡسَ مَثَلُ ٱلۡقَوۡمِ
ٱلَّذِينَ كَذَّبُواْ بِـَٔايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِۚ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَہۡدِى
ٱلۡقَوۡمَ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ • قُلۡ
يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلَّذِينَ هَادُوٓاْ إِن زَعَمۡتُمۡ أَنَّكُمۡ أَوۡلِيَآءُ
لِلَّهِ مِن دُونِ ٱلنَّاسِ فَتَمَنَّوُاْ ٱلۡمَوۡتَ إِن كُنتُمۡ
صَـٰدِقِينَ • وَلَا يَتَمَنَّوۡنَهُ ۥۤ أَبَدَۢا بِمَا قَدَّمَتۡ أَيۡدِيهِمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمُۢ بِٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ •
قُلۡ إِنَّ ٱلۡمَوۡتَ ٱلَّذِى تَفِرُّونَ مِنۡهُ فَإِنَّهُ ۥ
مُلَـٰقِيڪُمۡۖ ثُمَّ تُرَدُّونَ إِلَىٰ عَـٰلِمِ ٱلۡغَيۡبِ
وَٱلشَّهَـٰدَةِ فَيُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ ﴾
(5.
The likeness of those who were entrusted with the Tawrah, but did not
carry it, is as the likeness of a donkey which carries huge burdens of
books. How bad is the example of people who deny the Ayat of Allah. And
Allah does not guide the people who are wrongdoers.) (6. Say: "O you
Jews! If you pretend that you are friends of Allah, to the exclusion of
(all) other people, then long for death if you are truthful.'') (7. But
they will never long for it, because of what their hands have sent
before them! And Allah knows well the wrongdoers.) (8. Say: "Verily, the
death from which you flee, will surely meet you, then you will be sent
back to the Knower of the unseen and the seen, and He will inform you
about what you used to do.'')
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