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http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/55:1
55
Ar-Rahman
The Most Gracious
Ibn Kathir - English
Verse
1
Page 531
The Introduction to Surat Ar-Rahman
Imam
Ahmad recorded that Zirr said that a man said [to Ibn Mas`ud]: "How is
this recited: "Ma'in Ghayri Yasin or Asin'' He asked him, "Are you that
proficient in reciting the whole Qur'an'' He replied, "I recite the
Mufassal section in one Rak`ah.'' So he said, "Woe to you! Do you recite
the Qur'an in haste, as if it is poetry I know that the Prophet used to
recite two Surahs from the beginning of the Mufassal section (in one
Rak`ah).'' And Ibn Mas`ud considered Surat Ar-Rahman to be the beginning
of the Mufassal section. Abu `Isa At-Tirmidhi recorded that Jabir said,
"The Messenger of Allah went to his Companions and recited Surat
Ar-Rahman from beginning to end for them, but they did not say anything.
The Prophet said,
«لَقَدْ
قَرَأْتُهَا عَلَى الْجِنِّ لَيْلَةَ الْجِنِّ فَكَانُوا أَحْسَنَ
مَرْدُودًا مِنْكُمْ، كُنْتُ كُلَّمَا أَتَيْتُ عَلَى قَوْلِهِ:
﴿ فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ ﴾
قَالُوا: لَا بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ نِعَمِكَ رَبَّنَا نُكَذِّبُ فَلَكَ الْحَمْد»
(I
recited it to the Jinns, on the night of the Jinns and their response
was better than yours! Whenever I recited Allah's statement: (Then which
of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny) (They said, "None of
Your favors do we deny, our Lord! All praise is due to you.'')
At-Tirmidhi recorded it and he said, "This Hadith is Gharib.'' Al-Hafiz
Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar also collected this Hadith. Abu Ja`far Ibn Jarir
recorded that `Abdullah bin `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah
recited Surat Ar-Rahman, or it was recited before him, and he said,
«مَا لِيَ أَسْمَعُ الْجِنَّ أَحْسَنَ جَوَابًا لِرَبِّهَا مِنْكُمْ؟»
(Why do I hear the Jinn giving a better response to their Lord than you) They said, "Why is that, O Allah's Messenger'' He said,
«مَا أَتَيْتُ عَلَى قَوْلِ اللهِ تَعَالَى:
﴿ فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ ﴾
إِلَّا قَالَتِ الْجِنُّ: لَا بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ نِعَمِ رَبِّنَا نُكَذِّب»
(Whenever
I recited the statement of Allah the Exalted, (Then which of the
blessings of your Lord will you both deny) (The Jinn responded by
saying, "None of the favors of our Lord do we deny.'')'' Al-Hafiz
Al-Bazzar also collected this Hadith.
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنُ • عَلَّمَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ • خَلَقَ ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنَ • عَلَّمَهُ ٱلۡبَيَانَ • ٱلشَّمۡسُ وَٱلۡقَمَرُ بِحُسۡبَانٍ۬ • وَٱلنَّجۡمُ وَٱلشَّجَرُ يَسۡجُدَانِ • وَٱلسَّمَآءَ رَفَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ ٱلۡمِيزَانَ • أَلَّا تَطۡغَوۡاْ فِى ٱلۡمِيزَانِ • وَأَقِيمُواْ ٱلۡوَزۡنَ بِٱلۡقِسۡطِ وَلَا تُخۡسِرُواْ ٱلۡمِيزَانَ • وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَضَعَهَا لِلۡأَنَامِ • فِيہَا فَـٰكِهَةٌ۬ وَٱلنَّخۡلُ ذَاتُ ٱلۡأَكۡمَامِ • وَٱلۡحَبُّ ذُو ٱلۡعَصۡفِ وَٱلرَّيۡحَانُ • فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ ﴾
(1.
Ar-Rahman!) (2. He has taught the Qur'an.) (3. He created man.) (4. He
taught him Al-Bayan.) (5. The sun and the moon (run) on fixed courses.)
(6. And the Najm and the trees prostrating.) (7. And the heaven He has
raised high, and He has set up the balance.) (8. In order that you may
not transgress the balance.) (9. And observe the weight with equity and
do not make the balance deficient.) (10. And the earth He has put down
(laid) for Al-An'am.) (11. Therein are fruits, date palms producing
Akmam.) (12. And also corn, with (its) `Asf, and Rayhan.) (13. Then
which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny)
Ar-Rahman revealed and taught the Qur'an
Allah
informs of His favors and His mercy for His creatures, for He revealed
the Qur'an to His servants, He made memorizing and understanding of it
easy for those on whom He has bestowed His mercy,
﴿ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنُ • عَلَّمَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ • خَلَقَ ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنَ • عَلَّمَهُ ٱلۡبَيَانَ ﴾
(Ar-Rahman!
He has taught the Qur'an. He created man. He taught him Al-Bayan.)
Al-Hasan said: "Eloquent speech.'' This refers to Allah teaching the
Qur'an, that is, teaching the servants how to recite it by making it
easy for them to speak and pronounce letters with the various parts of
the mouth, such as the alveolar bridge, the tongue and the lips
Among Allah's Signs: the Sun, the Moon, the Sky and the Earth
Allah said,
﴿ ٱلشَّمۡسُ وَٱلۡقَمَرُ بِحُسۡبَانٍ۬ ﴾
(The
sun and the moon (run) on fixed courses.) They move in their orbit in
perfect succession, according to precise calculation that is never
delayed nor disturbed,
﴿ لَا ٱلشَّمۡسُ يَنۢبَغِى لَهَآ أَن تُدۡرِكَ ٱلۡقَمَرَ وَلَا ٱلَّيۡلُ سَابِقُ ٱلنَّہَارِۚ وَكُلٌّ۬ فِى فَلَكٍ۬ يَسۡبَحُونَ ﴾
(It is not for the sun to overtake the moon, nor does the night outstrip the day. They all float, each in an orbit.)(36:40),
﴿ فَالِقُ ٱلۡإِصۡبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ ٱلَّيۡلَ سَكَنً۬ا وَٱلشَّمۡسَ وَٱلۡقَمَرَ حُسۡبَانً۬اۚ ذَٲلِكَ تَقۡدِيرُ ٱلۡعَزِيزِ ٱلۡعَلِيمِ ﴾
((He
is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for
resting, and the sun and the moon for calculating. Such is the measuring
of the Almighty, the All-Knowing.) (6:96), Allah said,
﴿ وَٱلنَّجۡمُ وَٱلشَّجَرُ يَسۡجُدَانِ ﴾
(And
the Najm and the trees prostrating.) Ibn Jarir commented, "Scholars of
Tafsir disagreed over the meaning of Allah's statement, `And the Najm.'
They agreed, however, that the trees mentioned here are those that stand
on trunks.'' `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said,
"An-Najm refers to the plants that lay on the ground.'' Similar was said
by Sa`id bin Jubayr, As-Suddi and Sufyan Ath-Thawri. This is what Ibn
Jarir preferred, may Allah have mercy upon him. Mujahid said, "An-Najm
(the star); the one that is in the sky.'' Al-Hasan and Qatadah said
similarly. This is the saying that is the most obvious, and Allah knows
best, for Allah the Exalted said,
﴿
أَلَمۡ تَرَ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَسۡجُدُ لَهُ ۥ مَن فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَمَن
فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَٱلشَّمۡسُ وَٱلۡقَمَرُ وَٱلنُّجُومُ وَٱلۡجِبَالُ
وَٱلشَّجَرُ وَٱلدَّوَآبُّ وَڪَثِيرٌ۬ مِّنَ ٱلنَّاسِۖ ﴾
(See
you not that whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth, and
the sun, and the moon, and the stars, and the mountains, and the trees,
and the moving creatures, and many of mankind prostrate themselves to
Allah.)(22:18) Allah's statement,
﴿ وَٱلسَّمَآءَ رَفَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ ٱلۡمِيزَانَ ﴾
(And the heaven He has raised high, and He has set up the balance.) meaning the justice, as He said in another Ayah,
﴿ لَقَدۡ أَرۡسَلۡنَا رُسُلَنَا بِٱلۡبَيِّنَـٰتِ وَأَنزَلۡنَا مَعَهُمُ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبَ وَٱلۡمِيزَانَ لِيَقُومَ ٱلنَّاسُ بِٱلۡقِسۡطِۖ ﴾
(Indeed,
We have sent Our Messengers with clear proofs, and sent down with them
the Book and the balance that mankind may keep up equity.)(57:25) Allah
said here,
﴿ أَلَّا تَطۡغَوۡاْ فِى ٱلۡمِيزَانِ ﴾
(In
order that you may not transgress the balance.) meaning, He created the
heavens and earth in justice and truth so that everything is founded
on, and observing, justice and truth. Allah's statement,
﴿ وَأَقِيمُواْ ٱلۡوَزۡنَ بِٱلۡقِسۡطِ وَلَا تُخۡسِرُواْ ٱلۡمِيزَانَ ﴾
(And
observe the weight with equity and do not make the balance deficient.)
meaning, do not cheat in the weights and measures, but rather observe
justice and fairness,
﴿ وَزِنُواْ بِٱلۡقِسۡطَاسِ ٱلۡمُسۡتَقِيمِ ﴾
(And weigh with the true and straight balance.)(26:182) Allah said,
﴿ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَضَعَهَا لِلۡأَنَامِ ﴾
(And
the earth He has put down (laid) for Al-Ana'm.) Allah raised the
heavens and put down, or laid, the earth and balanced it with firm
mountains, so that it would be stable for its residents that live on it,
i.e. the various types and kinds of creatures, different in species,
shape, color and language. Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah and Ibn Zayd
said that Al-An'am means the creatures.
﴿ فِيہَا فَـٰكِهَةٌ۬ ﴾
(Therein are fruits,) of various colors, taste and scent,
﴿ وَٱلنَّخۡلُ ذَاتُ ٱلۡأَكۡمَامِ ﴾
(and
date palms producing Akmam.) Allah mentioned the date tree here
specifically because of its benefit, both fresh and dry. Ibn Jurayj
reported that Ibn `Abbas said Al-Akmam, means sheathed fruit stalks.
Similar was said by more than one of the scholars of Tafsir, it refers
to the stalks that the seeds grow in to become a cluster of dates,
unripe green dates then they ripen and ripen more. Allah said,
﴿ وَٱلۡحَبُّ ذُو ٱلۡعَصۡفِ وَٱلرَّيۡحَانُ ﴾
(And also corn, with (its) `Asf, and Rayhan.) `Ali bin Abi Talhah said that Ibn `Abbas said that in,
﴿ وَٱلۡحَبُّ ذُو ٱلۡعَصۡفِ ﴾
(And
also corn, with (its) `Asf), `Asf means straw.'' Al-`Awfi reported from
Ibn `Abbas, "`Asf is green leaves cut from the stem, so it is called
`Asf when it dries out.'' Similarly, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and Abu Malik
said that `Asf means straw. Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and others said that
Rayhan means leaves, while Al-Hasan said that it means sweet-scented
plants. `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said that Rayhan
means green leaves. The meanings here, and Allah knows best, are the
various crops that produce straw, such as wheat and barley, and Rayhan
are the leaves that grow on the stems.
Mankind is surrounded by Allah's Favors
Allah said,
﴿ فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ ﴾
(Then
which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny) meaning, "O
mankind and Jinn, which of the favors that Allah has given to you do you
deny'' Mujahid and others said this, and it is apparent when one reads
what comes after it. Meaning the favors that are obvious to you while
you are surrounded by them, you cannot deny or reject them. So we say,
just as the believers among the Jinns said, "O Allah! None of Your
favors do we deny. All praise is due to You.'' Ibn `Abbas used to say,
"Nay, our Lord!'' meaning, "None of Your favors do we deny.''
﴿ خَلَقَ ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنَ مِن صَلۡصَـٰلٍ۬ كَٱلۡفَخَّارِ • وَخَلَقَ ٱلۡجَآنَّ مِن مَّارِجٍ۬ مِّن نَّارٍ۬ • فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ • رَبُّ ٱلۡمَشۡرِقَيۡنِ وَرَبُّ ٱلۡمَغۡرِبَيۡنِ • فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ • مَرَجَ ٱلۡبَحۡرَيۡنِ يَلۡتَقِيَانِ • بَيۡنَہُمَا بَرۡزَخٌ۬ لَّا يَبۡغِيَانِ • فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ • يَخۡرُجُ مِنۡہُمَا ٱللُّؤۡلُؤُ وَٱلۡمَرۡجَانُ • فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ • وَلَهُ ٱلۡجَوَارِ ٱلۡمُنشَـَٔاتُ فِى ٱلۡبَحۡرِ كَٱلۡأَعۡلَـٰمِ • فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ ﴾
(14.
He created man from sounding clay like the clay of pottery.) (15. And
the Jinn He created from a smokeless flame of fire.) (16. Then which of
the blessings of your Lord will you both deny) (17. The Lord of the two
easts and the Lord of the two wests.) (18. Then which of the blessings
of your Lord will you both deny) (19. He has Maraja the two seas meeting
together.) (20. Between them is a barrier which none of them can
transgress.) (21. Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both
deny) (22. Out of them both come out pearls and Al-Marjan.) (23. Then
which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny) (24. And His are
Al-Jawar Al-Munsha'at, in the seas like A`lam.) (25. Then which of the
blessings of your Lord will you both deny)
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