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http://www.recitequran.com/fr/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/76:1
- LIRE
- TAFSIR
76
AL-INSAN
L'HOMME
Verset
1
Page 578
THE RECITATION OF SURAT AS-SAJDAH AND AL-INSAN IN THE MORNING PRAYER ON FRIDAY
It has been mentioned previously that it is recorded in Sahih Muslim from Ibn `Abbas that the Messenger of Allah used to recite in the Morning prayer on Friday:
﴿ الٓمٓ • تَنزِيلُ ﴾
(Alif Lam Mim. The revelation...) (32) and;
﴿ هَلۡ أَتَىٰ عَلَى ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنِ ﴾
(Has there not been over man...) (76)
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿ هَلۡ أَتَىٰ عَلَى ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنِ حِينٌ۬ مِّنَ ٱلدَّهۡرِ لَمۡ يَكُن شَيۡـًٔ۬ا مَّذۡكُورًا • إِنَّا خَلَقۡنَا ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنَ مِن نُّطۡفَةٍ أَمۡشَاجٍ۬ نَّبۡتَلِيهِ فَجَعَلۡنَـٰهُ سَمِيعَۢا بَصِيرًا • إِنَّا هَدَيۡنَـٰهُ ٱلسَّبِيلَ إِمَّا شَاكِرً۬ا وَإِمَّا كَفُورًا ﴾
(1. Has there not been over man a period of time, when he was not a thing worth mentioning) (2. Verily, We have created man from Nutfah Amshaj, in order to try him, so, We made him hearer and seer.) (3. Verily, We guided him to the way, whether he be grateful or ungrateful.)
ALLAH CREATED MAN AFTER HE DID NOT EXIST
Allah informs that He brought man into existence after he was not even a thing worth mentioning, due to his lowliness and weakness. Allah says,
﴿ هَلۡ أَتَىٰ عَلَى ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنِ حِينٌ۬ مِّنَ ٱلدَّهۡرِ لَمۡ يَكُن شَيۡـًٔ۬ا مَّذۡكُورًا ﴾
(Has there not been over man a period of time, when he was not a thing worth mentioning) Then Allah explains this by saying,
﴿ إِنَّا خَلَقۡنَا ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنَ مِن نُّطۡفَةٍ أَمۡشَاجٍ۬ ﴾
(Verily, We have created man from Nutfah Amshaj,) meaning, mixed. The words Mashaj and Mashij mean something that is mixed together. Ibn `Abbas said concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ مِن نُّطۡفَةٍ أَمۡشَاجٍ۬ ﴾
(from Nutfah Amshaj,) "This means the fluid of the man and the fluid of the woman when they meet and mix.'' Then man changes after this from stage to stage, condition to condition and color to color. `Ikrimah, Mujahid, Al-Hasan and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas all made statements similar to this. They said, "Amshaj is the mixing of the man's fluid with the woman's fluid.'' Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ نَّبۡتَلِيهِ ﴾
(in order to try him,) means, `We test him.' It is similar to Allah's statement,
﴿ لِيَبۡلُوَكُمۡ أَيُّكُمۡ أَحۡسَنُ عَمَلاً۬ۚ ﴾
(That He may test you which of you is best in deed.) (67:2) Then Allah says,
﴿ فَجَعَلۡنَـٰهُ سَمِيعَۢا بَصِيرًا ﴾
(so, We made him hearer and seer.) meaning, `We gave him the faculties of hearing and sight so that he would be able to use them for obedience and disobedience.'
ALLAH GUIDED HIM TO THE PATH, SO MAN IS EITHER GRATEFUL OR UNGRATEFUL
Allah says,
﴿ إِنَّا هَدَيۡنَـٰهُ ٱلسَّبِيلَ ﴾
(Verily, We guided to him the way,) meaning, `We explained it to him, made it clear to him and showed it to him.' This is as Allah says,
﴿ وَأَمَّا ثَمُودُ فَهَدَيۡنَـٰهُمۡ فَٱسۡتَحَبُّواْ ٱلۡعَمَىٰ عَلَى ٱلۡهُدَىٰ ﴾
(And as for Thamud, We guided them but they preferred blindness to guidance.) (41:17) Allah also said,
﴿ وَهَدَيۡنَـٰهُ ٱلنَّجۡدَيۡنِ ﴾
(And We guided him to the two ways.) (90:10) meaning, `We explained to him the path of good and the path of evil.' This is the statement of `Ikrimah, `Atiyah, Ibn Zayd and Mujahid from what is well-known from him and the majority. Allah then says,
﴿ إِمَّا شَاكِرً۬ا وَإِمَّا كَفُورًا ﴾
(Whether he be grateful or ungrateful.) This is his decree. Thus, with this he is either wretched or happy. This is like what has been recorded by Muslim in a Hadith from Abu Malik Al-Ash`ari. He said that the Messenger of Allah said,
« كُلُّ النَّاسِ يَغْدُو فَبَائِعٌ نَفْسَهُ، فَمُوبِقُهَا أَوْ مُعْتِقُهَا »
(All of mankind wakes up in the morning the merchant of his own soul. So he either imprisons it or sets it free. )
﴿ إِنَّآ أَعۡتَدۡنَا لِلۡكَـٰفِرِينَ سَلَـٰسِلَاْ وَأَغۡلَـٰلاً۬ وَسَعِيرًا • إِنَّ ٱلۡأَبۡرَارَ يَشۡرَبُونَ مِن كَأۡسٍ۬ كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا ڪَافُورًا •عَيۡنً۬ا يَشۡرَبُ بِہَا عِبَادُ ٱللَّهِ يُفَجِّرُونَہَا تَفۡجِيرً۬ا • يُوفُونَ بِٱلنَّذۡرِ وَيَخَافُونَ يَوۡمً۬ا كَانَ شَرُّهُ ۥ مُسۡتَطِيرً۬ا •وَيُطۡعِمُونَ ٱلطَّعَامَ عَلَىٰ حُبِّهِۦ مِسۡكِينً۬ا وَيَتِيمً۬ا وَأَسِيرًا • إِنَّمَا نُطۡعِمُكُمۡ لِوَجۡهِ ٱللَّهِ لَا نُرِيدُ مِنكُمۡ جَزَآءً۬ وَلَا شُكُورًا • إِنَّا نَخَافُ مِن رَّبِّنَا يَوۡمًا عَبُوسً۬ا قَمۡطَرِيرً۬ا • فَوَقَٮٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ شَرَّ ذَٲلِكَ ٱلۡيَوۡمِ وَلَقَّٮٰهُمۡ نَضۡرَةً۬ وَسُرُورً۬ا • وَجَزَٮٰهُم بِمَا صَبَرُواْ جَنَّةً۬ وَحَرِيرً۬ا ﴾
(4. Verily, We have prepared for the disbelievers iron chains, iron collars, and Sa`ir.) (5. Verily, the Abrar (righteous believers) shall drink of a cup mixed with Kafur.) (6. A spring wherefrom the servants of Allah will drink, causing it to gush forth abundantly.) (7. They fulfill (their) vows, and they fear a Day whose evil will be wide-spreading.) (8. And they give food, inspite of their love for it, to the poor, the orphan and the captive,) (9. (Saying): "We feed you seeking Allah's Face only. We wish for no reward, nor thanks from you.'') (10. "Verily, We fear from our Lord a Day that is `Abus and Qamtarir.'') (11. So, Allah saved them from the evil of that Day, and gave them Nadrah (a light of beauty) and joy.) (12. And their recompense shall be Paradise, and silken garments, because they were patient.)
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