المشاركات
http://www.recitequran.com/fr/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/74:1
- LIRE
- TAFSIR
74
AL-MUDDATHIR
CELUI QUI SE COUVRE
Verset
1
Page 575
WHICH WAS REVEALED IN MAKKAH
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿ يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلۡمُدَّثِّرُ • قُمۡ فَأَنذِرۡ • وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرۡ • وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرۡ • وَٱلرُّجۡزَ فَٱهۡجُرۡ • وَلَا تَمۡنُن تَسۡتَكۡثِرُ •وَلِرَبِّكَ فَٱصۡبِرۡ • فَإِذَا نُقِرَ فِى ٱلنَّاقُورِ • فَذَٲلِكَ يَوۡمَٮِٕذٍ۬ يَوۡمٌ عَسِيرٌ • عَلَى ٱلۡكَـٰفِرِينَ غَيۡرُ يَسِيرٍ۬ ﴾
(1. O you enveloped in garments!) (2. Arise and warn!) (3. And magnify your Lord!) (4. And purify your garments!) (5. And keep away from Ar-Rujz!) (6. And give not a thing in order to have more.) (7. And be patient for the sake of your Lord!) (8. Then, when the Naqur is sounded.) (9. Truly, that Day will be a Hard Day.) (10. Far from easy for the disbelievers.)
THE FIRST AYAT TO BE REVEALED AFTER `READ!
It has been confirmed in the Sahih Al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim on the authority of Abu Salamah that Jabir bin `Abdullah informed him that he heard the Messenger of Allah speaking about the time period (of the pause in) revelation. The Prophet said,
« فَبَيْنَا أَنَا أَمْشِي إِذْ سَمِعْتُ صَوْتًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَرَفَعْتُ بَصَرِي قِبَلَ السَّمَاءِ، فَإِذَا الْمَلَكُ الَّذِي جَاءَنِي بِحِرَاءَ، قَاعِدٌ عَلَى كُرْسِيَ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، فَجُئِثْتُ مِنْهُ حَتْى هَوَيْتُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ، فَجِئْتُ إِلَى أَهْلِي فَقُلْتُ: زَمِّلُونِي زَمِّلُونِي فَزَمَّلُونِي. فَأَنْزَلَ (اللهُ تَعَالى):
﴿ يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلۡمُدَّثِّرُ • قُمۡ فَأَنذِرۡ ﴾
﴿ فَٱهۡجُرۡ ﴾
ثُمَّ حَمِيَ الْوَحْيُ وَتَتَابَع »
(While I was walking I heard a voice from the sky. So I lifted my gaze towards the sky and saw the same angel who had come to me at the cave of Hira'. He was sitting on a chair between the sky and the earth. So I fled from him (in fear) until I fell down to the ground. Then, I went to my family and I said, `Wrap me up, wrap me up. So, they wrapped me up! So Allah revealed, (O you wrapped up! Arise and warn!) Until (And keep away) ﴿Here, Abu Salamah added, `Ar-Rujz means idols.'﴾ (After this, the revelation started coming strongly and frequently in succession.) This is the wording of Al-Bukhari. The way this Hadith is narrated necessitates that revelation had descended before this. This is due to the Prophet's statement,
« فَإِذَا الْمَلَكُ الَّذِي جَاءَنِي بِحِرَاء »
(The same angel who had come to me at the cave of Hira'.)'' That angel was Jibril, who had came to him with Allah's statement,
﴿ ٱقۡرَأۡ بِٱسۡمِ رَبِّكَ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ • خَلَقَ ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنَ مِنۡ عَلَقٍ • ٱقۡرَأۡ وَرَبُّكَ ٱلۡأَكۡرَمُ • ٱلَّذِى عَلَّمَ بِٱلۡقَلَمِ • عَلَّمَ ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنَ مَا لَمۡ يَعۡلَمۡ ﴾
(Read! In the Name of your Lord Who has created. He has created man from a clot. Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous. Who has taught by the pen. He has taught man that which he knew not.) (96:1-5) After this first occurrence (in the cave) there was a period of time that passed, then the angel descended again. Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Salamah bin `Abdur-Rahman that Jabir bin `Abdullah informed him that he heard the Messenger of Allah saying,
« ثُمَّ فَتَرَ الْوَحْيُ عَنِّي فَتْرَةً، فَبَيْنَا أَنَا أَمْشِي سَمِعْتُ صَوْتًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، فَرَفَعْتُ بَصَرِي قِبَلَ السَّمَاءِ، فَإِذَا الْمَلَكُ الَّذِي جَاءَنِي، قَاعِدٌ عَلى كُرْسِيَ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، فَجُئِثْتُ مِنْهُ فَرَقًا حَتْى هَوَيْتُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ، فَجِئْتُ أَهْلِي فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ: زَمِّلُونِي زَمِّلُونِي فَزَمَّلُونِي، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالى:
﴿ يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلۡمُدَّثِّرُ • قُمۡ فَأَنذِرۡ • وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرۡ • وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرۡ • وَٱلرُّجۡزَ فَٱهۡجُرۡ ﴾
ثُمَّ حَمِيَ الْوَحْيُ وَتَتَابَع »
(Then the revelation ceased coming to me for a period of time. Then, while I was walking, I heard a voice from the sky. So I lifted my gaze towards the sky to see the same angel who had come to me, sitting on a chair between the sky and the earth. So I fled from him a short distance before I fell down to the ground. Then I came to my family and said to them, `Wrap me up, wrap me up! So, they wrapped me up! Then Allah revealed, (O you wrapped up! Arise and warn! And magnify your Lord. And purify your garments. And keep away from Ar-Rujz!)( After this, the revelation started coming strongly and frequently in succession.) They both (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) recorded this Hadith by way of Az-Zuhri. At-Tabarani recorded from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "Verily, Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah prepared some food for the Quraysh. So when they had eaten from it he said, `What do you have to say about this man' Some of them said, `He is a magician.' Others said, `He is not a magician.' Then some of them said, `He is a soothsayer.' But others said, `He is not a soothsayer.' Some of them said, `He is a poet.' But others said, `He is not a poet.' Some of them said, `This is magic from that of old.' Thus, they eventually all agreed that it was magic from ancient times. Then, when this news reached the Prophet , he became grieved, covered his head and wrapped himself up. This is when Allah revealed,
﴿ يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلۡمُدَّثِّرُ • قُمۡ فَأَنذِرۡ • وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرۡ • وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرۡ • وَٱلرُّجۡزَ فَٱهۡجُرۡ • وَلَا تَمۡنُن تَسۡتَكۡثِرُ •وَلِرَبِّكَ فَٱصۡبِرۡ ﴾
(O you enveloped in garments! Arise and warn! And magnify your Lord (Allah)! And purify your garments! And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the idols)! And give not a thing in order to have more (or consider not your deeds of obedience to Allah as a favour to Him). And be patient for the sake of your Lord (i.e., perform your duty to Allah)!) Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ قُمۡ فَأَنذِرۡ ﴾
(Arise and warn!) means, prepare to go forth with zeal and warn the people. With this the Prophet attained messengership just as he attained prophethood with the first revelation.
﴿ وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرۡ ﴾
(And magnify your Lord!) to declare the greatness of Him. Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas;
﴿ وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرۡ ﴾
(And purify your garments!) "This means, do not let your garments that you wear be from earnings that are unlawful.'' It has also been said, "Do not wear your clothes in disobedience.'' Muhammad bin Sirin said,
﴿ وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرۡ ﴾
(And purify your garments!) "This means clean them with water.'' Ibn Zayd said, "The idolators would not clean themselves, so Allah commanded him to clean himself and his garments.'' This view was preferred by Ibn Jarir. Sa`id bin Jubayr said,
﴿ وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرۡ ﴾
(And purify your garments!) "This means purify your heart and your intentions.'' Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi and Al-Hasan Al-Basri both said, "And beautify your character.'' Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ وَٱلرُّجۡزَ فَٱهۡجُرۡ ﴾
(And keep away from Ar-Rujz!) `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn `Abbas, "Ar-Rujz are idols, so keep away from them.'' Similar to this was said by Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Qatadah, Az-Zuhri and Ibn Zayd, "Verily, it is the idols.'' This is like Allah's statement,
﴿ يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلنَّبِىُّ ٱتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ وَلَا تُطِعِ ٱلۡكَـٰفِرِينَ وَٱلۡمُنَـٰفِقِينَۗ ﴾
(O Prophet! have Taqwa of Allah, and obey not the disbelievers and the hypocrites.) (33:1) and Allah's statement,
﴿ وَقَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِأَخِيهِ هَـٰرُونَ ٱخۡلُفۡنِى فِى قَوۡمِى وَأَصۡلِحۡ وَلَا تَتَّبِعۡ سَبِيلَ ٱلۡمُفۡسِدِينَ ﴾
(And Musa said to his brother Harun: "Replace me among my people, act well and follow not way of the corrupters.'') (7:142) Then Allah says,
﴿ وَلَا تَمۡنُن تَسۡتَكۡثِرُ ﴾
(And give not a thing in order to have more.) Ibn `Abbas said, "Do not give any gift seeking to get (back in return) more than it.'' Khusayf reported from Mujahid;
﴿ وَلَا تَمۡنُن تَسۡتَكۡثِرُ ﴾
(And give not a thing (Tamnun) in order to have more.) "Do not slacken in seeking more good. Tamnun in the language of the Arabs means to become weak.'' Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ وَلِرَبِّكَ فَٱصۡبِرۡ ﴾
(And be patient for the sake of your Lord!) meaning, make your patience with their harms be for the Face of your Lord, the Mighty and Majestic. This was stated by Mujahid. Ibrahim An-Nakha`i said, "Be patient in your giving for the sake of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic.''
REMINDING OF THE DAY OF JUDGEMENT
Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ فَإِذَا نُقِرَ فِى ٱلنَّاقُورِ • فَذَٲلِكَ يَوۡمَٮِٕذٍ۬ يَوۡمٌ عَسِيرٌ • عَلَى ٱلۡكَـٰفِرِينَ غَيۡرُ يَسِيرٍ۬ ﴾
(Then, when the Naqur is sounded. Truly, that Day will be a Hard Day -- far from easy for the disbelievers) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ash-Sha`bi, Zayd bin Aslam, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd, all said,
﴿ ٱلنَّاقُورِ ﴾
(Naqur) "It is the Trumpet.'' Mujahid said, "It is in the shape of a horn.'' Ibn Abi Hatim narrated that Abu Sa`id Al-Ashaj told them that Asbat bin Muhammad related to them from Mutarrif, from `Atiyah Al-`Awfi, from Ibn `Abbas,
﴿ فَإِذَا نُقِرَ فِى ٱلنَّاقُورِ ﴾
(Then, when the Trumpet is sounded.) The Messenger of Allah said,
« كَيْفَ أَنْعَمُ وَصَاحِبُ الْقَرْنِ قَدِ الْتَقَمَ الْقَرْنَ وَحَنَى جَبْهَتَهُ يَنْتَظِرُ مَتَى يُؤْمَرُ فَيَنْفُخُ؟ »
(How can I be comfortable when the one with the horn has placed it in his mouth, leaned his forehead forward, and is waiting to be commanded so that he can blow) The Companions of the Messenger of Allah said, "What do you command us, O Messenger of Allah'' He replied,
« قُولُوا: حَسْبُنَا اللهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ، عَلَى اللهِ تَوَكَّلْنَا »
(Say: "Allah is sufficient for us, and what an excellent Trustee He is. We put our trust in Allah.'') It has been recorded like this by Imam Ahmad on the authority of Asbat. Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ فَذَٲلِكَ يَوۡمَٮِٕذٍ۬ يَوۡمٌ عَسِيرٌ ﴾
(Truly, that Day will be a Hard Day.) meaning, severe.
﴿ عَلَى ٱلۡكَـٰفِرِينَ غَيۡرُ يَسِيرٍ۬ ﴾
(Far from easy for the disbelievers.) meaning, it will not be easy for them. This is as Allah says,
﴿ يَقُولُ ٱلۡكَـٰفِرُونَ هَـٰذَا يَوۡمٌ عَسِرٌ۬ ﴾
(The disbelievers will say: "This a Hard Day.'') (54:8) We have reported from Zurarah bin Awfa, the judge of Al-Basrah, that he led the people in the morning prayer and he recited this Surah. Then, when he reached Allah's statement,
﴿ فَإِذَا نُقِرَ فِى ٱلنَّاقُورِ • فَذَٲلِكَ يَوۡمَٮِٕذٍ۬ يَوۡمٌ عَسِيرٌ • عَلَى ٱلۡكَـٰفِرِينَ غَيۡرُ يَسِيرٍ۬ ﴾
(Then, when the Naqur is sounded. Truly, that Day will be a Hard Day -- far from easy for the disbelievers.) he made a moaning sound and then he fell down dead. May Allah have mercy on him.
﴿ ذَرۡنِى وَمَنۡ خَلَقۡتُ وَحِيدً۬ا • وَجَعَلۡتُ لَهُ ۥ مَالاً۬ مَّمۡدُودً۬ا • وَبَنِينَ شُہُودً۬ا • وَمَهَّدتُّ لَهُ ۥ تَمۡهِيدً۬ا • ثُمَّ يَطۡمَعُ أَنۡ أَزِيدَ • كَلَّآۖ إِنَّهُ ۥ كَانَ لِأَيَـٰتِنَا عَنِيدً۬ا • سَأُرۡهِقُهُ ۥ صَعُودًا • إِنَّهُ ۥ فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ • فَقُتِلَ كَيۡفَ قَدَّرَ •ثُمَّ قُتِلَ كَيۡفَ قَدَّرَ • ثُمَّ نَظَرَ • ثُمَّ عَبَسَ وَبَسَرَ • ثُمَّ أَدۡبَرَ وَٱسۡتَكۡبَرَ • فَقَالَ إِنۡ هَـٰذَآ إِلَّا سِحۡرٌ۬ يُؤۡثَرُ • إِنۡ هَـٰذَآ إِلَّا قَوۡلُ ٱلۡبَشَرِ • سَأُصۡلِيهِ سَقَرَ • وَمَآ أَدۡرَٮٰكَ مَا سَقَرُ • لَا تُبۡقِى وَلَا تَذَرُ ﴾
﴿ لَوَّاحَةٌ۬ لِّلۡبَشَرِ • عَلَيۡہَا تِسۡعَةَ عَشَرَ ﴾
(11. Leave Me alone (to deal) with whom I created lonely.) (12. And then granted him resources in abundance.) (13. And children attending.) (14. And made life smooth and comfortable for him.) (15. After all that he desires that I should give more.) (16. Nay! Verily, he has been opposing Our Ayat.) (17. I shall force him to Sa`ud!) (18. Verily, he thought and plotted.) (19. So let him be cursed, how he plotted!) (20. And once more let him be cursed, how he plotted!) (21. Then he thought.) (22. Then he frowned and he looked in a bad tempered way;) (23. Then he turned back, and was proud.) (24. Then he said: "This is nothing but magic from that of old,) (25. "This is nothing but the word of a human being!'') (26. I will cast him into Saqar.) (27. And what will make you know (exactly) what Saqar is) (28. It spares not, nor does it leave (anything)!) (29. Scorching for the humans!) (30. Over it are nineteen.)
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