المشاركات
http://www.recitequran.com/en/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/86:1
86
86
AT-TARIQ
THE NIGHT-COMER
Verse
1
Page 591
THE VIRTUES OF SURAT AT-TARIQ
An-Nasa'i recorded that Jabir said, "Mu`adh lead the Maghrib prayer and he recited Al-Baqarah and An-Nisa'. So the Prophet said,
« أَفَتَّانٌ أَنْتَ يَا مُعَاذُ، مَا كَانَ يَكْفِيكَ أَنْ تَقْرَأَ بِالسَّمَاءِ وَالطَّارِقِ وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا وَنَحْوِهَا؟ »
(Are you putting the people to trial O Mu`adh! Was it not sufficient for you to recite As-Sama'i wat-Tariq, and Ash-Shamsi wa Duhaha, and something like them)
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿ وَٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلطَّارِقِ • وَمَآ أَدۡرَٮٰكَ مَا ٱلطَّارِقُ • ٱلنَّجۡمُ ٱلثَّاقِبُ • إِن كُلُّ نَفۡسٍ۬ لَّمَّا عَلَيۡہَا حَافِظٌ۬ • فَلۡيَنظُرِ ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنُ مِمَّ خُلِقَ • خُلِقَ مِن مَّآءٍ۬ دَافِقٍ۬ • يَخۡرُجُ مِنۢ بَيۡنِ ٱلصُّلۡبِ وَٱلتَّرَآٮِٕبِ • إِنَّهُ ۥ عَلَىٰ رَجۡعِهِۦ لَقَادِرٌ۬ •يَوۡمَ تُبۡلَى ٱلسَّرَآٮِٕرُ • فَمَا لَهُ ۥ مِن قُوَّةٍ۬ وَلَا نَاصِرٍ۬ ﴾
(1. By the heaven, and At-Tariq;) (2. And what will make you to know what At-Tariq is) (3. The star, Ath-Thaqib.) (4. There is no human being but has a protector over him.) (5. So, let man see from what he is created!) (6. He is created from a water gushing forth,) (7. Proceeding from between the backbone and the ribs.) (8. Verily, He is Able to bring him back!) (9. The Day when all the secrets will be examined.) (10. Then he will have no power, nor any helper.)
SWEARING BY THE EXISTENCE OF HUMANITY SURROUNDED BY THE ORGANIZED SYSTEM OF ALLAH
Allah swears by the heaven and what He has placed in it of radiant stars. Thus, He says,
﴿ وَٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلطَّارِقِ ﴾
(By the heaven, and At-Tariq;) Then He says,
﴿ وَمَآ أَدۡرَٮٰكَ مَا ٱلطَّارِقُ ﴾
(And what will make you to know what At-Tariq is) Then He explains it by His saying,
﴿ ٱلنَّجۡمُ ٱلثَّاقِبُ ﴾
(The star of Ath-Thaqib.) Qatadah and others have said, "The star has been named Tariq because it is only seen at night and it is hidden during the day.'' His view is supported by what has been mentioned in the authentic Hadith that prohibits a man to come to his family Taruq. This means that he comes to them unexpectedly at nighttime. Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ ٱلثَّاقِبُ ﴾
(Ath-Thaqib.) Ibn `Abbas said, "The illuminating.'' `Ikrimah said, "It is illuminating and it burns the Shaytan'' Then Allah says,
﴿ إِن كُلُّ نَفۡسٍ۬ لَّمَّا عَلَيۡہَا حَافِظٌ۬ ﴾
(There is no human being but has a protector over him.) meaning, every soul has a guardian over it from Allah that protects it from the calamities. This is as Allah says,
﴿ لَهُ ۥ مُعَقِّبَـٰتٌ۬ مِّنۢ بَيۡنِ يَدَيۡهِ وَمِنۡ خَلۡفِهِۦ يَحۡفَظُونَهُ ۥ مِنۡ أَمۡرِ ٱللَّهِۗ ﴾
(For Him, there are angels in succession, before and behind him. They guard him by the command of Allah.) (13:11)
HOW MAN IS CREATED IS A PROOF OF ALLAH'S ABILITY TO RETURN HIM TO HIM
Allah says,
﴿ فَلۡيَنظُرِ ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنُ مِمَّ خُلِقَ ﴾
(So, let man see from what he is created!) This is alerting man to the weakness of his origin from which he was created. The intent of it is to guide man to accept (the reality of) the Hereafter, because whoever is able to begin the creation then he is also able to repeat it in the same way. This is as Allah says,
﴿ وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِى يَبۡدَؤُاْ ٱلۡخَلۡقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُ ۥ وَهُوَ أَهۡوَنُ عَلَيۡهِۚ ﴾
(And He it is Who originates the creation, then He will repeat it; and this is easier for Him.) (30:27) Then Allah says,
﴿ خُلِقَ مِن مَّآءٍ۬ دَافِقٍ۬ ﴾
(He is created from a water gushing forth.) meaning, the sexual fluid that comes out bursting forth from the man and the woman. Thus, the child is produced from both of them by the permission of Allah. Due to this Allah says,
﴿ يَخۡرُجُ مِنۢ بَيۡنِ ٱلصُّلۡبِ وَٱلتَّرَآٮِٕبِ ﴾
(Proceeding from between the backbone and the ribs.) meaning, the backbone (or loins) of the man and the ribs of the woman, which is referring to her chest. Shabib bin Bishr reported from `Ikrimah who narrated from Ibn `Abbas that he said,
﴿ يَخۡرُجُ مِنۢ بَيۡنِ ٱلصُّلۡبِ وَٱلتَّرَآٮِٕبِ ﴾
(Proceeding from between the backbone and the ribs.) "The backbone of the man and the ribs of the woman. It (the fluid) is yellow and fine in texture. The child will not be born except from both of them (i.e., their sexual fluids).'' Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ إِنَّهُ ۥ عَلَىٰ رَجۡعِهِۦ لَقَادِرٌ۬ ﴾
(Verily, He is Able to bring him back (to life)!) This means that He is able to return this man that is created from fluid gushed forth. In other words, He is able to repeat his creation and resurrect him to the final abode. This is clearly possible, because whoever is able to begin the creation then he surely is able to repeat it. Indeed Allah has mentioned this proof in more than one place in the Qur'an.
ON THE DAY OF JUDGEMENT, MAN WILL HAVE NO POWER OR ASSISTANCE
In this regard Allah says,
﴿ يَوۡمَ تُبۡلَى ٱلسَّرَآٮِٕرُ ﴾
(The Day when all the secrets will be examined.) meaning, on the Day of Judgement the secrets will be tested. This means that they will be exposed and made manifest. Thus, the secret will be made open and that which is concealed will be well known. It is confirmed in the Two Sahihs on the authority of Ibn `Umar that the Messenger of Allah said,
« يُرْفَعُ لِكُلِّ غَادِرٍ لِوَاءٌ عِنْدَ اسْتِهِ يُقَالُ: هذِهِ غَدْرَةُ فُلَانِ بْنِ فُلَان »
(Every betrayer will have a flag raised for him behind his back, and it will be said, `This is the betrayal of so-and-so, the son of so-and-so.') Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ فَمَا لَهُ ۥ ﴾
(Then he will have no) meaning, man on the Day of Judgement.
﴿ مِن قُوَّةٍ۬ ﴾
(any power) meaning, within himself.
﴿ وَلَا نَاصِرٍ۬ ﴾
(nor any helper.) meaning, from other than himself. This statement means that he will not be able to save himself from the torment of Allah, and nor will anyone else be able to save him.
﴿ وَٱلسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ ٱلرَّجۡعِ • وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ ذَاتِ ٱلصَّدۡعِ • إِنَّهُ ۥ لَقَوۡلٌ۬ فَصۡلٌ۬ • وَمَا هُوَ بِٱلۡهَزۡلِ • إِنَّہُمۡ يَكِيدُونَ كَيۡدً۬ا • وَأَكِيدُ كَيۡدً۬ا • فَمَهِّلِ ٱلۡكَـٰفِرِينَ أَمۡهِلۡهُمۡ رُوَيۡدَۢا ﴾
(11. By the sky which gives rain, again and again.) (12. And the earth which splits.) (13. Verily, this is the Word that separates.) (14. And it is not a thing for amusement.) (15. Verily, they are but plotting a plot.) (16. And I am planning a plan.) (17. So, give a respite to the disbelievers; deal gently with them for a while.)
SWEARING TO THE TRUTHFULNESS OF THE QUR'AN AND THE FAILURE OF THOSE WHO OPPOSE IT
Ibn `Abbas said, "Ar-raj` means rain.'' It has also been narrated from him that he said, "It means the clouds that contain rain.'' He also said,
﴿ وَٱلسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ ٱلرَّجۡعِ ﴾
(By the sky (having rain clouds) which gives rain, again and again.) "This means that it rains and then it rains (again).'' Qatadah said, "It returns the sustenance of the servants (creatures) every year. Were it not for this, they would all be destroyed and so would their cattle.''
﴿ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ ذَاتِ ٱلصَّدۡعِ ﴾
(And the earth which splits.) Ibn `Abbas said, "Splitting to bring forth plant growths.'' This was also said by Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Ikrimah, Abu Malik, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, As-Suddi and others. Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ إِنَّهُ ۥ لَقَوۡلٌ۬ فَصۡلٌ۬ ﴾
(Verily, this is the Word that separates.) Ibn `Abbas said (Fasl is), "True.'' Qatadah also said the same. Someone else said, "A just ruling.''
﴿ وَمَا هُوَ بِٱلۡهَزۡلِ ﴾
(And it is not a thing for amusement.) meaning, rather it is serious and true. Then Allah informs about the disbelievers saying that they reject Him and hinder others from His path. Allah says,
﴿ إِنَّہُمۡ يَكِيدُونَ كَيۡدً۬ا ﴾
(Verily, they are but plotting a plot.) meaning, they plot against the people in their calling them to oppose the Qur'an. Then Allah says,
﴿ فَمَهِّلِ ٱلۡكَـٰفِرِينَ ﴾
(So, give a respite to the disbelievers;) meaning, wait for them and do not be in haste concerning them.
﴿ أَمۡهِلۡهُمۡ رُوَيۡدَۢا ﴾
(deal gently with them for a while.) meaning, a little while. This means that you will see what befalls them of torment, punishment and destruction. This is as Allah says,
﴿ نُمَتِّعُهُمۡ قَلِيلاً۬ ثُمَّ نَضۡطَرُّهُمۡ إِلَىٰ عَذَابٍ غَلِيظٍ۬ ﴾
(We let them enjoy for a little while, then in the end We shall oblige them to (enter) a great torment.) (31:24) This is the end of the Tafsir Surat At-Tariq, and unto Allah is all praise and thanks.
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