المشاركات
http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/67:1
67
Al-Mulk
Dominion
Ibn Kathir - English
Verse
1
Page 562
The Virtues of Surat Al-Mulk
Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Hurayrah that Allah's Messenger said,
« إِنَّ سُورَةً فِي الْقُرْآنِ ثَلَاثِينَ آيَةً شَفَعَتْ لِصَاحِبِهَا حَتْى غُفِرَ لَهُ:
﴿ تَبَـٰرَكَ ٱلَّذِى بِيَدِهِ ٱلۡمُلۡكُ ﴾
(Verily,
there is a chapter in the Qur'an which contains thirty Ayat that will
intercede on behalf of its reciter until he is forgiven. (It is):
(Blessed be He in Whose Hand is the dominion.)) This Hadith was
collected by At-Tirmidhi and the four Sunan Compilers. At-Tirmidhi said
concerning it, "This is a Hasan Hadith.'' At-Tabarani and Al-Hafiz
Ad-Diya' Al-Maqdisi both recorded from Anas that the Messenger of Allah
said,
« سُورَةٌ فِي الْقُرْآنِ خَاصَمَتْ عَنْ صَاحِبِهَا حَتْى أَدْخَلَتْهُ الْجَنَّةَ:
﴿ تَبَـٰرَكَ ٱلَّذِى بِيَدِهِ ٱلۡمُلۡكُ ﴾
(There
is a chapter of the Qur'an that will argue on behalf of its reciter
until it causes him to enter into Paradise. (It is): (Blessed be He in
Whose Hand is the dominion.))
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿ تَبَـٰرَكَ ٱلَّذِى بِيَدِهِ ٱلۡمُلۡكُ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىۡءٍ۬ قَدِيرٌ • ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ ٱلۡمَوۡتَ وَٱلۡحَيَوٰةَ لِيَبۡلُوَكُمۡ أَيُّكُمۡ أَحۡسَنُ عَمَلاً۬ۚ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡغَفُورُ •
ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ سَبۡعَ سَمَـٰوَٲتٍ۬ طِبَاقً۬اۖ مَّا تَرَىٰ فِى خَلۡقِ
ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ مِن تَفَـٰوُتٍ۬ۖ فَٱرۡجِعِ ٱلۡبَصَرَ هَلۡ تَرَىٰ مِن
فُطُورٍ۬ • ثُمَّ ٱرۡجِعِ ٱلۡبَصَرَ كَرَّتَيۡنِ يَنقَلِبۡ إِلَيۡكَ ٱلۡبَصَرُ خَاسِئً۬ا وَهُوَ حَسِيرٌ۬ •
وَلَقَدۡ زَيَّنَّا ٱلسَّمَآءَ ٱلدُّنۡيَا بِمَصَـٰبِيحَ وَجَعَلۡنَـٰهَا
رُجُومً۬ا لِّلشَّيَـٰطِينِۖ وَأَعۡتَدۡنَا لَهُمۡ عَذَابَ ٱلسَّعِيرِ ﴾
(1.
Blessed be He in Whose Hand is the dominion; and He is Able to do all
things.) (2. Who has created death and life that He may test you which
of you is best in deed. And He is the Almighty, the Oft-Forgiving;) (3.
Who has created the seven heavens one above the other; you can see no
fault in the creation of the Most Gracious. Then look again. Can you see
any rifts) (4. Then look again and yet again, your sight will return to
you Khasi', and worn out.) (5. And indeed We have adorned the nearest
heaven with lamps, and We have made such lamps (as) missiles to drive
away the Shayatin, and have prepared for them the torment of the blazing
Fire.)
Glorification of Allah and mentioning the Creation of Death, Life, the Heavens and the Stars
Allah
the Exalted glorifies His Noble Self and informs that the dominion is
in His Hand. This means that He deals with all of His creatures however
He wishes and there is none who can reverse His decree. He is not
questioned concerning what He does because of His force, His wisdom and
His justice. For this reason Allah says,
﴿ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىۡءٍ۬ قَدِيرٌ ﴾
(and He is Able to do all things.) Then Allah says,
﴿ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ ٱلۡمَوۡتَ وَٱلۡحَيَوٰةَ ﴾
(Who
has created death and life) Those who say that death is an existing
creation use this Ayah as a proof because it is something that has been
created. This Ayah means that He brought creation into existence from
nothing in order to test the creatures. He examines them to see which of
them will be best in deeds. This is similar to Allah's statement,
﴿ كَيۡفَ تَكۡفُرُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَڪُنتُمۡ أَمۡوَٲتً۬ا فَأَحۡيَـٰڪُمۡۖ ﴾
(How
can you disbelieve in Allah, seeing that you were dead and He gave you
life.) (2:28) In this Ayah Allah named the first stage, which is
non-existence, "death.'' Then he named the origin or beginning of
existence, "life.'' This is why Allah says,
﴿ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمۡ ثُمَّ يُحۡيِيكُمۡ ﴾
(Then He will give death, then again will bring you to life (on the Day of Resurrection)) (2:28). Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ لِيَبۡلُوَكُمۡ أَيُّكُمۡ أَحۡسَنُ عَمَلاً۬ۚ ﴾
(He
may test you which of you is best in deed.) it means best in deeds.
This is as Muhammad bin `Ajlan said. It should be noted that Allah did
not say "which of you does the most deeds.'' Allah then says,
﴿ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡغَفُورُ ﴾
(And
He is the Almighty, the Oft-Forgiving.) This means that He is the
Almighty, the Most Great, the Most Powerful and the Most Honorable.
However, along with this He is Most Forgiving to whoever turns to Him in
repentance and seeks His pardon after having disobeyed Him and opposed
His commandment. Even though Allah is Almighty, He also forgives, shows
mercy, pardons and excuses. Then Allah says,
﴿ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ سَبۡعَ سَمَـٰوَٲتٍ۬ طِبَاقً۬اۖ ﴾
(Who
has created the seven heavens one above the other;) meaning stacked one
on top of the other. Are they connected to each other, meaning that
they are in elevated ascension, some of them being stacked above others,
or separated with space between them There are two views concerning
this, and the most correct opinion seems to be the latter as is proven
in the Hadith of Isra' (the Prophet's Night Journey) and other
narrations. Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ مَّا تَرَىٰ فِى خَلۡقِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ مِن تَفَـٰوُتٍ۬ۖ ﴾
(you
can see no fault in the creation of the Most Gracious.) means, it (the
creation) is done in a flawless manner, and these are connected with
each other so as to forms a straight level, having no disunion,
conflict, inconsistency, deficiency, flaw or defect. This is the reason
that Allah says,
﴿ فَٱرۡجِعِ ٱلۡبَصَرَ هَلۡ تَرَىٰ مِن فُطُورٍ۬ ﴾
(Then
look again. Can you see any rifts) meaning, look at the sky and pay
close attention to it. Do you see any flaw, deficiency, defect or rifts
in it Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Ath-Thawri and others said
concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ فَٱرۡجِعِ ٱلۡبَصَرَ هَلۡ تَرَىٰ مِن فُطُورٍ۬ ﴾
(Then look again. Can you see any rifts) that it means cracks. As-Suddi said that,
﴿ هَلۡ تَرَىٰ مِن فُطُورٍ۬ ﴾
(Can you see any rifts) means any tears. Qatadah said,
﴿ هَلۡ تَرَىٰ مِن فُطُورٍ۬ ﴾
(Can you see any rifts) means, `do you see any defects O Son of Adam (mankind)' In reference to Allah's statement,
﴿ ثُمَّ ٱرۡجِعِ ٱلۡبَصَرَ كَرَّتَيۡنِ ﴾
(Then look again and yet again,) Qatadah said, "It means (look) twice.''
﴿ يَنقَلِبۡ إِلَيۡكَ ٱلۡبَصَرُ خَاسِئً۬ا ﴾
(your
sight will return to you Khasi',) Ibn `Abbas said that Khasi' means
humiliated. Mujahid and Qatadah both said that it means despised.
﴿ وَهُوَ حَسِيرٌ۬ ﴾
(and
worn out.) Ibn `Abbas said that this means it will be exhausted.
Mujahid, Qatadah and As-Suddi all said that it means broken down fatigue
that comes from weakness. Thus, the Ayah means that if you continuously
looked, no matter how much you look, your sight will return to you.
﴿ خَاسِئً۬ا ﴾
(Khasi') due to the inability to see any flaw or defect (in Allah's creation).
﴿ وَهُوَ حَسِيرٌ۬ ﴾
(and
worn out.) meaning, exhausted and broken down feebleness due to the
great amount of repeated looking without being able to detect any
deficiency. Then, after Allah negated any deficiency in the creation of
the heavens, He explains their perfection and beauty. He says,
﴿ وَلَقَدۡ زَيَّنَّا ٱلسَّمَآءَ ٱلدُّنۡيَا بِمَصَـٰبِيحَ ﴾
(And
indeed We have adorned the nearest heaven with lamps,) This refers to
the stars which have been placed in the heavens, some moving and some
stationary. In Allah's statement,
﴿ وَجَعَلۡنَـٰهَا رُجُومً۬ا لِّلشَّيَـٰطِينِۖ ﴾
(and
We have made them (as) missiles to drive away the Shayatin,) The
pronoun `them' in His statement, "and We have made them'' is the same
type of statement as the stars being referred to as lamps. This does not
mean that they are actually missiles, because the stars in the sky are
not thrown. Rather, it is the meteors beneath them that are thrown and
they are taken from the stars. And Allah knows best. Concerning Allah's
statement,
﴿ وَأَعۡتَدۡنَا لَهُمۡ عَذَابَ ٱلسَّعِيرِ ﴾
(and
We have prepared for them the torment of the blazing Fire.) means, `We
have made this disgrace for the devils in this life and We have prepared
for them the torment of the blazing Fire in the Hereafter.' This is as
Allah said in the beginning of Surat As-Saffat,
﴿ إِنَّا زَيَّنَّا ٱلسَّمَآءَ ٱلدُّنۡيَا بِزِينَةٍ ٱلۡكَوَاكِبِ • وَحِفۡظً۬ا مِّن كُلِّ شَيۡطَـٰنٍ۬ مَّارِدٍ۬ • لَّا يَسَّمَّعُونَ إِلَى ٱلۡمَلَإِ ٱلۡأَعۡلَىٰ وَيُقۡذَفُونَ مِن كُلِّ جَانِبٍ۬ • دُحُورً۬اۖ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ۬ وَاصِبٌ • إِلَّا مَنۡ خَطِفَ ٱلۡخَطۡفَةَ فَأَتۡبَعَهُ ۥ شِہَابٌ۬ ثَاقِبٌ۬ ﴾
(Verily,
We have adorned the near heaven with the stars (for beauty). And to
guard against every rebellious devil. They cannot listen to the higher
group (angels) for they are pelted from every side. Outcast, and theirs
is a constant (or painful) torment. Except such as snatch away something
by stealing, and they are pursued by a flaming fire of piercing
brightness.) (37:6-7) Qatadah said, "These stars were only created for
three purposes: Allah created them as adornment for the heaven (sky), as
missiles for the devils and as signs for navigation. Therefore, whoever
seeks to interpret any other meanings for them other than these, then
verily he has spoken with his own opinion, he has lost his portion and
burdened himself with that which he has no knowledge of.'' Ibn Jarir and
Ibn Abi Hatim both recorded this statement.
﴿ وَلِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِرَبِّہِمۡ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَۖ وَبِئۡسَ ٱلۡمَصِيرُ • إِذَآ أُلۡقُواْ فِيہَا سَمِعُواْ لَهَا شَہِيقً۬ا وَهِىَ تَفُورُ • تَكَادُ تَمَيَّزُ مِنَ ٱلۡغَيۡظِۖ كُلَّمَآ أُلۡقِىَ فِيہَا فَوۡجٌ۬ سَأَلَهُمۡ خَزَنَتُہَآ أَلَمۡ يَأۡتِكُمۡ نَذِيرٌ۬ •
قَالُواْ بَلَىٰ قَدۡ جَآءَنَا نَذِيرٌ۬ فَكَذَّبۡنَا وَقُلۡنَا مَا
نَزَّلَ ٱللَّهُ مِن شَىۡءٍ إِنۡ أَنتُمۡ إِلَّا فِى ضَلَـٰلٍ۬ كَبِيرٍ۬ • وَقَالُواْ لَوۡ كُنَّا نَسۡمَعُ أَوۡ نَعۡقِلُ مَا كُنَّا فِىٓ أَصۡحَـٰبِ ٱلسَّعِيرِ • فَٱعۡتَرَفُواْ بِذَنۢبِہِمۡ فَسُحۡقً۬ا لِّأَصۡحَـٰبِ ٱلسَّعِيرِ ﴾
(6.
And for those who disbelieve in their Lord is the torment of Hell, and
worst indeed is that destination.) (7. When they are cast therein, they
will hear its Shahiq while it is simmering.) (8. It almost bursts up
with fury. Every time a group is cast therein, its keepers will ask:
"Did no warner come to you'') (9. They will say: "Yes, indeed a warner
did come to us, but we rejected him and said: `Allah never sent down
anything; you are only in great error.''') (10. And they will say: "Had
we but listened or used our intelligence, we would not have been among
the dwellers of the blazing Fire!'') (11. Then they will confess their
sin. So, away with the dwellers of the blazing Fire!)
The Description of Hell and Those Who will enter into it
Allah the Exalted says,
﴿ وُ ﴾
(and) meaning, `and We have prepared,'
﴿ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِرَبِّہِمۡ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَۖ وَبِئۡسَ ٱلۡمَصِيرُ ﴾
(for
those who disbelieve in their Lord is the torment of Hell, and worst
indeed is that destination.) This means that this will be the worst end
and a terrible destiny.
﴿ إِذَآ أُلۡقُواْ فِيہَا سَمِعُواْ لَهَا شَہِيقً۬ا ﴾
(When they are cast therein, they will hear its Shahiq) Ibn Jarir said, "This means the sound of shouting.''
﴿ وَهِىَ تَفُورُ ﴾
(while
it is simmering.) Ath-Thawri said, "It will boil them just as a small
number of seeds are boiled in a lot of water.'' Then Allah says,
﴿ تَكَادُ تَمَيَّزُ مِنَ ٱلۡغَيۡظِۖ ﴾
(It
almost bursts up with fury.) meaning, some parts of it almost break
apart from other parts due to the severity of its rage and anger with
them.
﴿ تَكَادُ تَمَيَّزُ مِنَ ٱلۡغَيۡظِۖ كُلَّمَآ أُلۡقِىَ فِيہَا فَوۡجٌ۬ سَأَلَهُمۡ خَزَنَتُہَآ أَلَمۡ يَأۡتِكُمۡ نَذِيرٌ۬ •
قَالُواْ بَلَىٰ قَدۡ جَآءَنَا نَذِيرٌ۬ فَكَذَّبۡنَا وَقُلۡنَا مَا
نَزَّلَ ٱللَّهُ مِن شَىۡءٍ إِنۡ أَنتُمۡ إِلَّا فِى ضَلَـٰلٍ۬ كَبِيرٍ۬ ﴾
(Every
time a group is cast therein, its keepers will ask: "Did no warner come
to you'' They will say: "Yes, indeed a warner did come to us, but we
rejected him and said: `Allah never sent down anything; you are only in
great error.''') In these Ayat Allah reminds of His justice in dealing
with His creatures and that He does not punish anyone until the proof
has been established against them and a Messenger has been sent to them.
This is similar to Allah's statement,
﴿ وَمَا كُنَّا مُعَذِّبِينَ حَتَّىٰ نَبۡعَثَ رَسُولاً۬ ﴾
(And We never punish until We have sent a Messenger.) (17:15) Allah also says,
﴿
حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا جَآءُوهَا فُتِحَتۡ أَبۡوَٲبُهَا وَقَالَ لَهُمۡ
خَزَنَتُہَآ أَلَمۡ يَأۡتِكُمۡ رُسُلٌ۬ مِّنكُمۡ يَتۡلُونَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ
ءَايَـٰتِ رَبِّكُمۡ وَيُنذِرُونَكُمۡ لِقَآءَ يَوۡمِكُمۡ هَـٰذَاۚ
قَالُواْ بَلَىٰ وَلَـٰكِنۡ حَقَّتۡ كَلِمَةُ ٱلۡعَذَابِ عَلَى
ٱلۡكَـٰفِرِينَ ﴾
(till
when they reach it, the gates thereof will be opened. And its keepers
will say, "Did not the Messengers come to you from yourselves, reciting
to you the Ayat of your Lord, and warning you of the meeting of this Day
of yours'' They will say: "Yes,'' but the Word of torment has been
justified against the disbelievers!'') (39:71) Thus, they have no
recourse but to blame themselves and they will feel remorseful when such
remorse will be of no benefit to them. They will say,
﴿ لَوۡ كُنَّا نَسۡمَعُ أَوۡ نَعۡقِلُ مَا كُنَّا فِىٓ أَصۡحَـٰبِ ٱلسَّعِيرِ ﴾
(Had
we but listened or used our intelligence, we would not have been among
the dwellers of the blazing Fire!) meaning, `if we would have benefited
from our intellects or listened to the truth that Allah revealed, we
would not have been disbelieving in Allah and misguided about Him. But
we did not have understanding to comprehend what the Messengers came
with, and we did not have the intelligence to guide us to following
them.' Allah then says,
﴿ فَٱعۡتَرَفُواْ بِذَنۢبِہِمۡ فَسُحۡقً۬ا لِّأَصۡحَـٰبِ ٱلسَّعِيرِ ﴾
(Then
they will confess their sin. So, away with the dwellers of the blazing
Fire!) Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Al-Bakhtari At-Ta'i that he heard
from one of the Companions that the Messenger of Allah said,
« لَنْ يَهْلِكَ النَّاسُ حَتْى يُعْذِرُوا مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِم »
(The people will not be destroyed until they themselves confess their guilt.)
﴿ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَخۡشَوۡنَ رَبَّهُم بِٱلۡغَيۡبِ لَهُم مَّغۡفِرَةٌ۬ وَأَجۡرٌ۬ كَبِيرٌ۬ • وَأَسِرُّواْ قَوۡلَكُمۡ أَوِ ٱجۡهَرُواْ بِهِۦۤۖ إِنَّهُ ۥ عَلِيمُۢ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ • أَلَا يَعۡلَمُ مَنۡ خَلَقَ وَهُوَ ٱللَّطِيفُ ٱلۡخَبِيرُ • هُوَ ٱلَّذِى جَعَلَ لَكُمُ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ ذَلُولاً۬ فَٱمۡشُواْ فِى مَنَاكِبِہَا وَكُلُواْ مِن رِّزۡقِهِۦۖ وَإِلَيۡهِ ٱلنُّشُورُ ﴾
(12.
Verily, those who fear their Lord unseen, theirs will be forgiveness
and a great reward.) (13. And whether you keep your talk secret or
disclose it, verily, He is the All-Knower of what is in the breasts.)
(14. Should not He Who has created know And He is the Most Kind and
Courteous, All-Aware.) (15. He it is Who has made the earth subservient
to you; so walk in the paths thereof and eat of His provision. And to
Him will be the resurrection.)
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