المشاركات
http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/68:1
68
Al-Qalam
The Pen
Ibn Kathir - English
Verse
1
Page 564
Which was revealed in Makkah
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿ نٓۚ وَٱلۡقَلَمِ وَمَا يَسۡطُرُونَ • مَآ أَنتَ بِنِعۡمَةِ رَبِّكَ بِمَجۡنُونٍ۬ • وَإِنَّ لَكَ لَأَجۡرًا غَيۡرَ مَمۡنُونٍ۬ • وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَىٰ خُلُقٍ عَظِيمٍ۬ • فَسَتُبۡصِرُ وَيُبۡصِرُونَ • بِأَييِّكُمُ ٱلۡمَفۡتُونُ • إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَن ضَلَّ عَن سَبِيلِهِۦ وَهُوَ أَعۡلَمُ بِٱلۡمُهۡتَدِينَ ﴾
(1.
Nun. By the pen and by what they Yastur.) (2. You, by the grace of your
Lord, are not insane.) (3. And verily, for you will be reward that is
not Mamnun.) (4. And verily, you are on an exalted character.) (5. You
will see, and they will see,) (6. Which of you is afflicted with
madness.) (7. Verily, your Lord is the best Knower of him who has gone
astray from His path, and He is the best Knower of those who are
guided.) We have already discussed the special letters of the Arabic
alphabet at the beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah. Thus, Allah's saying,
﴿ نٓۚ ﴾
(Nun), is like Allah's saying,
﴿ صٓۚ ﴾
(Sad), and Allah's saying,
﴿ قٓۚ ﴾
(Qaf),
and similar to them from the individual letters that appear at the
beginning of Qur'anic chapters. This has been discussed at length
previously and there is no need to repeat it here.
The Explanation of the Pen Concerning
Allah's statement,
﴿ وَٱلۡقَلَمِ ﴾
(By the pen) The apparent meaning is that this refers to the actual pen that is used to write. This is like Allah's saying,
﴿ ٱقۡرَأۡ وَرَبُّكَ ٱلۡأَكۡرَمُ • ٱلَّذِى عَلَّمَ بِٱلۡقَلَمِ • عَلَّمَ ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنَ مَا لَمۡ يَعۡلَمۡ ﴾
(Read!
And your Lord is the Most Generous. Who has taught by the pen. He has
taught man that which he knew not.) (96:3-5) Therefore, this statement
is Allah's swearing and alerting His creatures to what He has favored
them with by teaching them the skill of writing, through which knowledge
is attained. Thus, Allah continues by saying,
﴿ وَمَا يَسۡطُرُونَ ﴾
(and
by what they Yastur.) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and Qatadah all said that
this means, "what they write.'' As-Suddi said, "The angels and the deeds
of the servants they record.'' Others said, "Rather, what is meant here
is the pen which Allah caused to write the decree when He wrote the
decrees of all creation, and this took place fifty-thousand years before
He created the heavens and the earth.'' For this, they present Hadiths
that have been reported about the Pen. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from
Al-Walid bin `Ubadah bin As-Samit that he said, "My father called for me
when he was dying and he said to me: `Verily, I heard the Messenger of
Allah say,
«
إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا خَلَقَ اللهُ الْقَلَمُ فَقَالَ لَهُ: اكْتُبْ، قَالَ:
يَا رَبِّ وَمَا أَكْتُبُ؟ قَالَ: اكْتُبِ الْقَدَرَ وَمَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ
إِلَى الْأَبَد »
(Verily, the first of
what Allah created was the Pen, and He said to it: "Write.'' The Pen
said: "O my Lord, what shall I write'' He said: "Write the decree and
whatever will throughout eternity.'')'' This Hadith has been recorded by
Imam Ahmad through various routes of transmission. At-Tirmidhi also
recorded it from a Hadith of Abu Dawud At-Tayalisi and he (At-Tirmidhi)
said about it, "Hasan Sahih, Gharib.''
Swearing by the Pen refers to the Greatness of the Prophet
Allah says,
﴿ مَآ أَنتَ بِنِعۡمَةِ رَبِّكَ بِمَجۡنُونٍ۬ ﴾
(You,
by the grace of your Lord, are not insane.) meaning - and all praise is
due to Allah -- `you are not crazy as the ignorant among your people
claim. They are those who deny the guidance and the clear truth that you
have come with. Therefore, they attribute madness to you because of
it.'
﴿ وَإِنَّ لَكَ لَأَجۡرًا غَيۡرَ مَمۡنُونٍ۬ ﴾
(And
verily, for you will be reward that is not Mamnun.) meaning, `for you
is the great reward, and abundant blessings which will never be cut off
or perish, because you conveyed the Message of your Lord to creation,
and you were patient with their abuse.' The meaning of:
﴿ غَيۡرَ مَمۡنُونٍ۬ ﴾
(not Mamnun) is that it will not be cut off. This is similar to Allah's statement,
﴿ عَطَآءً غَيۡرَ مَجۡذُوذٍ۬ ﴾
(a gift without an end.) (11:108) and His statement,
﴿ فَلَهُمۡ أَجۡرٌ غَيۡرُ مَمۡنُونٍ۬ ﴾
(Then they shall have a reward without end.) (95:6) Mujahid said,
﴿ غَيۡرَ مَمۡنُونٍ۬ ﴾
(Without Mamnun) means "Without reckoning.'' And this refers back to what we have said before.
The Explanation of the Statement: "Verily, You are on an Exalted Character.''
Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَىٰ خُلُقٍ عَظِيمٍ۬ ﴾
(And
verily, you are on an exalted (standard of) character.) Al-`Awfi
reported from Ibn `Abbas, "Verily, you are on a great religion, and it
is Islam.'' Likewise said Mujahid, Abu Malik, As-Suddi and Ar-Rabi` bin
Anas. Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Zayd also said this. Sa`id bin Abi `Arubah
reported from Qatadah that he said concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَىٰ خُلُقٍ عَظِيمٍ۬ ﴾
(And
verily, you are on an exalted (standard of) character.) "It has been
mentioned to us that Sa`d bin Hisham asked `A'ishah about the character
of the Messenger of Allah, so she replied: `Have you not read the
Qur'an' Sa`d said: `Of course.' Then she said: `Verily, the character of
the Messenger of Allah was the Qur'an.''' `Abdur-Razzaq recorded
similar to this and Imam Muslim recorded it in his Sahih on the
authority of Qatadah in its full length. This means that he would act
according to the commands and the prohibition in the Qur'an. His nature
and character were patterned according to the Qur'an, and he abandoned
his natural disposition (i.e., the carnal nature). So whatever the
Qur'an commanded, he did it, and whatever it forbade, he avoided it.
Along with this, Allah gave him the exalted character, which included
the qualities of modesty, kindness, bravery, pardoning, gentleness and
every other good characteristic. This is like that which has been
confirmed in the Two Sahihs that Anas said, "I served the Messenger of
Allah for ten years, and he never said a word of displeasure to me
(Uff), nor did he ever say to me concerning something I had done: `Why
did you do that?' And he never said to me concerning something I had not
done: `Why didn't you do this?' He had the best character, and I never
touched any silk or anything else that was softer than the palm of the
Messenger of Allah. And I never smelled any musk or perfume that had a
better fragrance than the sweat of the Messenger of Allah.'' Imam
Al-Bukhari recorded that Al-Bara' said, "The Messenger of Allah had the
most handsome face of all the people, and he had the best behavior of
all of the people. And he was not tall, nor was he short.'' The Hadiths
concerning this matter are numerous. Abu `Isa At-Tirmidhi has a complete
book on this subject called Kitab Ash-Shama'il. Imam Ahmad recorded
that `A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah never struck a servant of
his with his hand, nor did he ever hit a woman. He never hit anything
with his hand, except for when he was fighting Jihad in the cause of
Allah. And he was never given the option between two things except that
the most beloved of the two to him was the easiest of them, as long as
it did not involve sin. If it did involve sin, then he stayed farther
away from sin than any of the people. He would not avenge himself
concerning anything that was done to him, except if the limits of Allah
were transgressed. Then, in that case he would avenge for the sake of
Allah.'' Imam Ahmad also recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger
of Allah said,
« إِنَّمَا بُعِثْتُ لِأُتَمِّمَ صَالِحَ الْأَخْلَاق »
(I
have only been sent to perfect righteous behavior.) Ahmad was alone in
recording this Hadith. In reference to Allah's statement,
﴿ فَسَتُبۡصِرُ وَيُبۡصِرُونَ • بِأَييِّكُمُ ٱلۡمَفۡتُونُ ﴾
(You
will see, and they will see, which of you is afflicted with madness.)
then it means, `you will know, O Muhammad - and those who oppose you and
reject you, will know - who is insane and misguided among you.' This is
like Allah's statement,
﴿ سَيَعۡلَمُونَ غَدً۬ا مَّنِ ٱلۡكَذَّابُ ٱلۡأَشِرُ ﴾
(Tomorrow they will come to know who is the liar, the insolent one!) (54:26) Allah also says,
﴿ وَإِنَّآ أَوۡ إِيَّاڪُمۡ لَعَلَىٰ هُدًى أَوۡ فِى ضَلَـٰلٍ۬ مُّبِينٍ۬ ﴾
(And
verily (either) we or you are rightly guided or in plain error.)
(34:24) Ibn Jurayj reported from Ibn `Abbas, it means "You will know and
they will know on the Day of Judgment.'' Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn
`Abbas;
﴿ بِأَييِّكُمُ ٱلۡمَفۡتُونُ ﴾
(Which
of you is Maftun (afflicted with madness) means which of you is crazy.
This was also said by Mujahid and others as well. The literal meaning of
Maftun is one who has been charmed or lured away from the truth and has
strayed from it. Thus, the entire statement means, `so you will know
and they will know,' or `you will be informed and they will be informed,
as to which of you is afflicted with madness.' And Allah knows best.
Then Allah says,
﴿ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَن ضَلَّ عَن سَبِيلِهِۦ وَهُوَ أَعۡلَمُ بِٱلۡمُهۡتَدِينَ ﴾
(Verily,
your Lord is the best Knower of him who has gone astray from His path,
and He is the best Knower of those who are guided.) meaning, `He knows
which of the two groups are truly guided among you, and He knows the
party that is astray from the truth.'
﴿ فَلَا تُطِعِ ٱلۡمُكَذِّبِينَ • وَدُّواْ لَوۡ تُدۡهِنُ فَيُدۡهِنُونَ • وَلَا تُطِعۡ كُلَّ حَلَّافٍ۬ مَّهِينٍ • هَمَّازٍ۬ مَّشَّآءِۭ بِنَمِيمٍ۬ • مَّنَّاعٍ۬ لِّلۡخَيۡرِ مُعۡتَدٍ أَثِيمٍ • عُتُلِّۭ بَعۡدَ ذَٲلِكَ زَنِيمٍ • أَن كَانَ ذَا مَالٍ۬ وَبَنِينَ • إِذَا تُتۡلَىٰ عَلَيۡهِ ءَايَـٰتُنَا قَالَ أَسَـٰطِيرُ ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ • سَنَسِمُهُ ۥ عَلَى ٱلۡخُرۡطُومِ ﴾
(8.
So, do not obey the deniers.) (9. They wish that you should compromise
with them, so they (too) would compromise with you.) (10. And do not
obey every Hallaf Mahin.) (11. A Hammaz, going about with Namim,) (12.
Hinderer of the good, transgressor, sinful,) (13. `Utul, and moreover
Zanim.) (14. (He was so) because he had wealth and children.) (15. When
Our Ayat are recited to him, he says: "Tales of the men of old!'') (16.
We shall brand him on the snout (nose)!)
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