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http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/49:1 49
Al-Hujurat
The Dwellings
Ibn Kathir - English
Verse
1
Page 515
Which was revealed in Al-Madinah
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿
يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تُقَدِّمُواْ بَيۡنَ يَدَىِ
ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦۖ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ
عَلِيمٌ۬ • يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلَّذِينَ
ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَرۡفَعُوٓاْ أَصۡوَٲتَكُمۡ فَوۡقَ صَوۡتِ ٱلنَّبِىِّ وَلَا
تَجۡهَرُواْ لَهُ ۥ بِٱلۡقَوۡلِ كَجَهۡرِ بَعۡضِڪُمۡ لِبَعۡضٍ أَن
تَحۡبَطَ أَعۡمَـٰلُكُمۡ وَأَنتُمۡ لَا تَشۡعُرُونَ •
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَغُضُّونَ أَصۡوَٲتَهُمۡ عِندَ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ
أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱمۡتَحَنَ ٱللَّهُ قُلُوبَہُمۡ لِلتَّقۡوَىٰۚ
لَهُم مَّغۡفِرَةٌ۬ وَأَجۡرٌ عَظِيمٌ ﴾
(1.
O you who believe! Make not (a decision) in advance before Allah and
His Messenger, and have Taqwa of Allah. Verily, Allah is Hearing,
Knowing.) (2. O you who believe! Raise not your voices above the voice
of the Prophet, nor speak aloud to him in talk as you speak aloud to one
another, lest your deeds should be thwarted while you perceive not.)
(3. Verily, those who lower their voices in the presence of Allah's
Messenger, they are the ones whose hearts Allah has tested for Taqwa.
For them is forgiveness and a great reward.)
The Prohibition of making a Decision in advance of Allah and His Messenger; ordering Respect towards the Prophet
In
these Ayat, Allah the Exalted teaches His faithful servants the good
manners they should observe with the Messenger, which are respect, honor
and esteem. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,
﴿ يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تُقَدِّمُواْ بَيۡنَ يَدَىِ ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦۖ ﴾
(O
you who believe! Make not (a decision) in advance before Allah and His
Messenger,) meaning, do not rush in making decisions before him, rather,
follow his lead in all matters. `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn
`Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) commented;
﴿ لَا تُقَدِّمُواْ بَيۡنَ يَدَىِ ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦۖ ﴾
(Make
not (a decision) in advance before Allah and His Messenger,) "Do not
say anything that contradicts the Qur'an and Sunnah.'' Qatadah
commented, "We were told that some people used to say, `Revelation
should be sent down about such and such matters,' and, `such and such
practices should be rendered allowed.' Allah the Exalted disliked this
attitude.'' Allah said,
﴿ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۚ ﴾
(and have Taqwa of Allah.) meaning, `in what He has ordered you;'
﴿ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ ﴾
(Verily, Allah is Hearing,) `your statements,'
﴿ عَلِيمٌ۬ ﴾
(Knowing.) `your intentions.' Allah said,
﴿ يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَرۡفَعُوٓاْ أَصۡوَٲتَكُمۡ فَوۡقَ صَوۡتِ ٱلنَّبِىِّ ﴾
(O
you who believe! Raise not your voices above the voice of the Prophet,)
This contains another kind of favorable behavior. Allah the Exalted is
teaching the believers that they should not raise their voices above the
voice of the Prophet. It was stated that this Ayah was revealed about
Abu Bakr and `Umar. Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn Abi Mulaykah said, "The
two righteous ones, Abu Bakr and `Umar, almost earned destruction when
they raised their voices before the Prophet who was receiving the
delegation of Bani Tamim. One of them recommended Al-Aqra` bin Habis the
member of the Banu Mujashi` while the other recommended another man.
Nafi` (a subnarrator) said: "I don't remember his name.'' Abu Bakr said
to `Umar, `You only wanted to contradict me,' while `Umar said, `I did
not intend to contradict you.' Their voices then became loud, thereupon
Allah the Exalted sent down this Ayah,
﴿
يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَرۡفَعُوٓاْ أَصۡوَٲتَكُمۡ
فَوۡقَ صَوۡتِ ٱلنَّبِىِّ وَلَا تَجۡهَرُواْ لَهُ ۥ بِٱلۡقَوۡلِ كَجَهۡرِ
بَعۡضِڪُمۡ لِبَعۡضٍ أَن تَحۡبَطَ أَعۡمَـٰلُكُمۡ وَأَنتُمۡ لَا
تَشۡعُرُونَ ﴾
(O
you who believe! Raise not your voices above the voice of the Prophet,
nor speak aloud to him in talk as you speak aloud to one another, lest
your deeds should be thwarted while you perceive not.)'' `Abdullah bin
Az-Zubayr said, "After that, `Umar's voice was so low that the Messenger
of Allah had to ask him to repeat what he said so that he could
understand what he was saying to him.'' `Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr did not
mention the same regarding his father, Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased
with him. Muslim did not collect this Hadith. In another narration
collected by Al-Bukhari, he said that a delegation from the tribe of
Banu Tamim came to the Prophet and that Abu Bakr recommended Al-Qa`qa`
bin Ma`bad to be appointed as their leader, while `Umar recommended
Al-Aqra` bin Habis. Muslim did not collect this narration. Al-Bukhari
recorded that Anas bin Malik said, "The Prophet missed Thabit bin Qays
and a man said, `O Allah's Messenger! I will find out about his news.'
That man went to Thabit and found him sitting at home with his head
lowered and asked him, `What is the matter' Thabit said, `An evil
matter!' And he said that he used to raise his voice above the voice of
the Prophet. He feared that his good deeds would be useless and he would
be among the people of the Fire. The man went back to the Prophet and
conveyed Thabit's statement and returned to Thabit with a wonderfully
good news. The Prophet said,
« اذْهَبْ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْ لَهُ: إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ، وَلَكِنَّكَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّة »
(Go
back to him and tell him this news; you are not among the people of the
Fire. Rather, you are among the dwellers of Paradise.)'' Al-Bukhari
collected this Hadith with this wording. Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas
bin Malik said, "When this Ayah was revealed,
﴿ يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَرۡفَعُوٓاْ أَصۡوَٲتَكُمۡ فَوۡقَ صَوۡتِ ٱلنَّبِىِّ ﴾
(O you who believe! Raise not your voices above the voice of the Prophet), until,
﴿ وَأَنتُمۡ لَا تَشۡعُرُونَ ﴾
(while
you perceive not), Thabit bin Qays bin Ash-Shammas, whose voice was
loud, said, `I was the one who raised his voice above the voice of
Allah's Messenger. I am among the dwellers of the Fire. My good deeds
have been done in vain.' He remained in his house feeling distressed,
and the Messenger of Allah noticed his absence. So some men went to
Thabit and said to him, `The Prophet noticed your absence. What is the
matter with you' Thabit said, `I used to raise my voice above the voice
of the Prophet and speak loudly in front of him. My deeds have been
rendered useless and I am among the people of the Fire.' They went to
the Prophet and told him what Thabit said and the Prophet said,
« لَا، بَلْ هُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّة »
(Nay,
he is among the dwellers of Paradise.)'' Anas commented, "We used to
see Thabit walk among us knowing that he was (to be) among the dwellers
of Paradise. During the battle of Yamamah, our forces suffered retreat.
Suddenly, Thabit bin Qays bin Shammas came, having put on his Hanut and
shrouds, and said, `The worst habit is the one you acquire from your
enemy and do not set a bad example for your companions.' And he went on
fighting until he was martyred, may Allah be pleased with him.'' Allah
then prohibited speaking to the Prophet in a loud voice, just as one
speaks loudly to another in a way that offends him. Instead, they were
required to speak to him in terms of respect, honor and calmness. This
is why Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,
﴿ وَلَا تَجۡهَرُواْ لَهُ ۥ بِٱلۡقَوۡلِ كَجَهۡرِ بَعۡضِڪُمۡ لِبَعۡضٍ ﴾
(nor speak aloud to him in talk as you speak aloud to one another,) just as He said in another Ayah,
﴿ لَّا تَجۡعَلُواْ دُعَآءَ ٱلرَّسُولِ بَيۡنَڪُمۡ كَدُعَآءِ بَعۡضِكُم بَعۡضً۬اۚ ﴾
(Make not the calling of the Messenger among you as your calling one of another.) (24:63) Allah's statement,
﴿ أَن تَحۡبَطَ أَعۡمَـٰلُكُمۡ وَأَنتُمۡ لَا تَشۡعُرُونَ ﴾
(lest
your deeds should be thwarted while you perceive not.) means, `We
ordered you to refrain from raising your voices to the Prophet, so that
he will not get angry with you, because in doing so, you will also anger
Allah.' The good deeds of he who caused the Prophet's anger will become
useless without him even knowing. In the Sahih, there is a Hadith that
states,
« إِنَّ
الرَّجُلَ لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بِالْكَلِمَةِ مِنْ رِضْوَانِ اللهِ تَعَالَى لَا
يُلْقِي لَهَا بَالًا، يُكْتَبُ لَهُ بِهَا الْجَنَّةُ، وَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ
لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بِالْكَلِمَةِ مِنْ سَخَطِ اللهِ تَعَالَى لَا يُلْقِي لَهَا
بَالًا، يَهْوِي بِهَا فِي النَّارِ أَبْعَدَ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ
وَالْأَرْض »
(Verily, a man might
utter a word that pleases Allah the Exalted, even though he does not
recognize the significance of his word, and on its account Paradise is
written for him. Verily, a man might utter a word carelessly that angers
Allah the Exalted, and on its account, he is cast in the Fire farther
than the distance between the heavens and earth.) Allah then ordains
lowering one's voice before the Messenger and encourages, directs and
recommends this better behavior.
﴿
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَغُضُّونَ أَصۡوَٲتَهُمۡ عِندَ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ
أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱمۡتَحَنَ ٱللَّهُ قُلُوبَہُمۡ لِلتَّقۡوَىٰۚ ﴾
(Verily,
those who lower their voices in the presence of Allah's Messenger, they
are the ones whose hearts Allah has tested for Taqwa.) whose hearts
have been purified by Allah and made as a residence and dwelling for the
Taqwa,
﴿ لَهُم مَّغۡفِرَةٌ۬ وَأَجۡرٌ عَظِيمٌ ﴾
(For
them is forgiveness and a great reward.) Imam Ahmad recorded in the
Book of Az-Zuhd that Mujahid said, "Someone wrote to `Umar, `O Leader of
the faithful! Who is better, a man who does not feel the desire to
commit a sin and does not commit it, or a man who feels desire to commit
a sin, but does not commit it' `Umar replied, `He who feels desire to
commit a sin, but does not commit it,
﴿ أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱمۡتَحَنَ ٱللَّهُ قُلُوبَہُمۡ لِلتَّقۡوَىٰۚ لَهُم مَّغۡفِرَةٌ۬ وَأَجۡرٌ عَظِيمٌ ﴾
(they are the ones whose hearts Allah has tested for Taqwa. For them is forgiveness and a great reward.)'''
﴿ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُنَادُونَكَ مِن وَرَآءِ ٱلۡحُجُرَٲتِ أَڪۡثَرُهُمۡ لَا يَعۡقِلُونَ • وَلَوۡ أَنَّہُمۡ صَبَرُواْ حَتَّىٰ تَخۡرُجَ إِلَيۡہِمۡ لَكَانَ خَيۡرً۬ا لَّهُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌ۬ رَّحِيمٌ۬ •
يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِن جَآءَكُمۡ فَاسِقُۢ بِنَبَإٍ۬
فَتَبَيَّنُوٓاْ أَن تُصِيبُواْ قَوۡمَۢا بِجَهَـٰلَةٍ۬ فَتُصۡبِحُواْ
عَلَىٰ مَا فَعَلۡتُمۡ نَـٰدِمِينَ ﴾
(4.
Verily, those who call you from behind the dwellings, most of them have
no sense.) (5. And if they had patience till you could come out to
them, it would have been better for them. And Allah is Forgiving, Most
Merciful.) (6. O you who believe! If a rebellious evil person comes to
you with a news, verify it, lest you harm people in ignorance, and
afterwards you become regretful to what you have done. )
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