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http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/56:1
56
Al-Waqi'ah
The Inevitable
Ibn Kathir - English
Verse
1
Page 534
The Virtues of Surat Al-Waqi`ah
Abu
Ishaq reported from `Ikrimah from Ibn `Abbas that Abu Bakr said, "O
Allah's Messenger! You are becoming gray'' The Messenger replied,
« شَيَّبَتْنِي هُودٌ وَالْوَاقِعَةُ وَالْمُرْسَلَاتُ وَعَمَّ يَتَسَاءَلُونَ وَإِذَا الشَّمْسُ كُوِّرَت »
(Hud
(chapter 11), Al-Waqi`ah (56), Al-Mursalat (77), `Amma Yatasa'alun (78)
and Idha Ash-Shamsu Kuwwirat (81) have made me gray.) At-Tirmidhi
collected this Hadith and said, "Hasan Gharib.''
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿ إِذَا وَقَعَتِ ٱلۡوَاقِعَةُ • لَيۡسَ لِوَقۡعَتِہَا كَاذِبَةٌ • خَافِضَةٌ۬ رَّافِعَةٌ • إِذَا رُجَّتِ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ رَجًّ۬ا • وَبُسَّتِ ٱلۡجِبَالُ بَسًّ۬ا • فَكَانَتۡ هَبَآءً۬ مُّنۢبَثًّ۬ا • وَكُنتُمۡ أَزۡوَٲجً۬ا ثَلَـٰثَةً۬ • فَأَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلۡمَيۡمَنَةِ مَآ أَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلۡمَيۡمَنَةِ • وَأَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلۡمَشۡـَٔمَةِ مَآ أَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلۡمَشۡـَٔمَةِ • وَٱلسَّـٰبِقُونَ ٱلسَّـٰبِقُونَ • أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ ٱلۡمُقَرَّبُونَ • فِى جَنَّـٰتِ ٱلنَّعِيمِ ﴾
(1.
When the Waqi`ah occurs) (2. There is not, for its occurrence,
Kadhibah.) (3. Bringing low (some), exalting (others).) (4. When the
earth will be shaken with a terrible shake.) (5. And the mountains will
be powdered to dust,) (6. So that they will become floating dust
particles.) (7. And you (all) will be in three groups. ) (8. So those on
the right -- how (fortunate) will be those on the right!) (9. And those
on the left -- how (unfortunate) will be those on the left!) (10. And
those foremost will be foremost.) (11. These will be the nearest (to
Allah).) (12. In the Gardens of Delight.)
The Horrors of the Day of Resurrection
Al-Waqi`ah
(the occurrence), is one of the names of the Day of Resurrection,
because that Day is real and will surely come. Allah the Exalted said in
other Ayat,
﴿ فَيَوۡمَٮِٕذٍ۬ وَقَعَتِ ٱلۡوَاقِعَةُ ﴾
(Then on that Day shall the Waqi`ah occur.)(69:15) Allah the Exalted said,
﴿ لَيۡسَ لِوَقۡعَتِہَا كَاذِبَةٌ ﴾
(There
is not, for its occurrence, Kadhibah.) means, when He commands the Day
of Resurrection to begin, none can stop it from happening or prevent it
from beginning,
﴿ ٱسۡتَجِيبُواْ لِرَبِّكُم مِّن قَبۡلِ أَن يَأۡتِىَ يَوۡمٌ۬ لَّا مَرَدَّ لَهُ ۥ مِنَ ٱللَّهِۚ ﴾
(Answer the call of your Lord before there comes from Allah a Day which can not be averted.) (42:47),
﴿ سَأَلَ سَآٮِٕلُۢ بِعَذَابٍ۬ وَاقِعٍ۬ • لِّلۡڪَـٰفِرِينَ لَيۡسَ لَهُ ۥ دَافِعٌ۬ ﴾
(A questioner asked concerning a torment about to occur -- upon the disbelievers, which none can avert.)(70:1-2),
﴿
وَيَوۡمَ يَقُولُ ڪُن فَيَڪُونُۚ قَوۡلُهُ ٱلۡحَقُّۚ وَلَهُ ٱلۡمُلۡكُ
يَوۡمَ يُنفَخُ فِى ٱلصُّورِۚ عَـٰلِمُ ٱلۡغَيۡبِ وَٱلشَّهَـٰدَةِۚ
وَهُوَ ٱلۡحَڪِيمُ ٱلۡخَبِيرُ ﴾
(And
on the Day He will say: "Be!'' -- and it is! His Word is the Truth. His
will be the dominion on the Day when the Trumpet will be blown.
All-Knower of the unseen and the seen. He is the All-Wise, Well
Aware.)(6:73) As for the meaning of
﴿ كَاذِبَةٌ ﴾
(Kadhibah)
Muhammad bin Ka`b said: "It will certainly occur,'' while Qatadah said,
"It shall not be discontinued, taken back or aborted. Allah's
statement,
﴿ خَافِضَةٌ۬ رَّافِعَةٌ ﴾
(Bringing
low, exalting.) indicates that Al-Waqi`ah lowers some people to the
lowest parts of the Fire, even if they had been mighty in this life. It
also elevates others to the highest grades in the residence of eternal
delight, even if they were weak in this life. This was said by Al-Hasan,
Qatadah and others. Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas:
﴿ خَافِضَةٌ۬ رَّافِعَةٌ ﴾
(Bringing
low, exalting), "It made the near and the far hear it,'' while `Ikrimah
said, "It lowered, and thus those who were close heard it, and
elevated, and thus those in the distance heard it.'' Ad-Dahhak and
Qatadah said similarly. Allah said,
﴿ إِذَا رُجَّتِ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ رَجًّ۬ا ﴾
(When
the earth will be shaken with a terrible shake.) meaning, it is shaken
and moved violently over all of its surface and through its depths. Ibn
`Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah and others said about Allah's saying:,
﴿ إِذَا رُجَّتِ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ رَجًّ۬ا ﴾
(When
the earth will be shaken with a terrible shake.) it means "Violently
shaken.'' Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said, "The earth will be shaken with all
that is in it, just as a sifter is shaken with its contents.'' This is
like Allah's saying:
﴿ إِذَا زُلۡزِلَتِ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ زِلۡزَالَهَا ﴾
(When the earth is shaken with its earthquake.)(99:1) and,
﴿ يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ ٱتَّقُواْ رَبَّڪُمۡۚ إِنَّ زَلۡزَلَةَ ٱلسَّاعَةِ شَىۡءٌ عَظِيمٌ۬ ﴾
(O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord! Verily, the earthquake of the Hour is a terrible thing.)(22:1). Allah said:
﴿ وَبُسَّتِ ٱلۡجِبَالُ بَسًّ۬ا ﴾
(And
the mountains will be powdered to dust,) meaning, relentlessly
pulverized. This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah and Qatadah
and others. Ibn Zayd said: "The mountains will become just like Allah
described them,
﴿ كَثِيبً۬ا مَّهِيلاً ﴾
(A heap of sand poured out.)(73:14).'' Allah's saying:
﴿ فَكَانَتۡ هَبَآءً۬ مُّنۢبَثًّ۬ا ﴾
(So
that they will become floating dust particles.) Abu Ishaq narrated from
Al-Harith, from `Ali: "It will become like the rising dust storm that
soon fades away leaving no trace of itself behind.'' Al-`Awfi reported
from Ibn `Abbas about Allah's saying:
﴿ فَكَانَتۡ هَبَآءً۬ مُّنۢبَثًّ۬ا ﴾
(So
that they will become floating dust particles.) "It describes the
rising embers from the fire when it is kindled, but when the embers
land, they are extinguished quickly.'' `Ikrimah said, "The floating dust
particles that the wind scatters all around,'' while Qatadah said,
﴿ هَبَآءً۬ مُّنۢبَثًّ۬ا ﴾
(floating
particles), "Like the dry parts of trees that the wind scatters all
about.'' This Ayah is similar to several other Ayat that indicate that
the mountains will be moved from their places, demolished and blown off
their bases, becoming like carded wool on the Day of Resurrection.
Three Categories of People on the Day of Resurrection
Allah's statement,
﴿ وَكُنتُمۡ أَزۡوَٲجً۬ا ثَلَـٰثَةً۬ ﴾
(And
you (all) will be in three groups.) This means that people will be
divided into three categories on the Day of Resurrection. Some will on
the right of Allah's Throne, and they are those who were brought forth
from `Adam's right side. This category will be given their Books of
Records in their right hand and will be taken to the right side.
As-Suddi explained that they will comprise the majority of the residents
of Paradise. Another category is those who will be placed to the left
of Allah's Throne, and they are those who were brought forth from
`Adam's left side. This category will be given their Books of Records in
their left hands and will be taken to the left side. They are the
residents of the Fire, may Allah save us from their actions. A third
category is comprised of those who are the foremost and nearest before
Allah. They are in a better grade and status and nearer to Allah than
those on the right side. They are the chiefs of those on the right side,
because they include the Messengers, Prophets, true believers and
martyrs. They are fewer than those on the right side; so Allah said,
﴿ فَأَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلۡمَيۡمَنَةِ مَآ أَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلۡمَيۡمَنَةِ • وَأَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلۡمَشۡـَٔمَةِ مَآ أَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلۡمَشۡـَٔمَةِ • وَٱلسَّـٰبِقُونَ ٱلسَّـٰبِقُونَ ﴾
(So
those on the right -- how will be those on the right! And those on the
left -- how will be those on the left! And those foremost will be
foremost.) Allah divides people into these three groups upon their
death, as indicated by the end of this Surah. Allah mentioned them in
His statement as well,
﴿
ثُمَّ أَوۡرَثۡنَا ٱلۡكِتَـٰبَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱصۡطَفَيۡنَا مِنۡ عِبَادِنَاۖ
فَمِنۡهُمۡ ظَالِمٌ۬ لِّنَفۡسِهِۦ وَمِنۡہُم مُّقۡتَصِدٌ۬ وَمِنۡہُمۡ
سَابِقُۢ بِٱلۡخَيۡرَٲتِ بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِۚ ﴾
(Then
We gave the Book as inheritance to such of Our servants whom We chose.
Then of them are some who wrong themselves, and of them are some who
follow a middle course, and of them are some who are, by Allah's leave,
foremost in good deeds.)(35:32) Muhammad bin Ka`b, Abu Hazrah Ya`qub bin
Mujahid said that,
﴿ وَٱلسَّـٰبِقُونَ ٱلسَّـٰبِقُونَ ﴾
(And
those foremost will be foremost.) is about the Prophets, peace be upon
them, while As-Suddi said that they are the residents of the utmost
highs (Ahl Al-`Illiyyin, in Paradise). The meaning of foremost is that
they were foremost in performing the acts of righteousness just as Allah
commanded them,
﴿ وَسَارِعُوٓاْ إِلَىٰ مَغۡفِرَةٍ۬ مِّن رَّبِّڪُمۡ وَجَنَّةٍ عَرۡضُهَا ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتُ وَٱلۡأَرۡضُ ﴾
(And march forth in the way to forgiveness from your Lord, and for Paradise as wide as the heavens and the earth.)(3:133) and,
﴿ سَابِقُوٓاْ إِلَىٰ مَغۡفِرَةٍ۬ مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡ وَجَنَّةٍ عَرۡضُہَا كَعَرۡضِ ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ ﴾
(Race
with one another in hastening towards forgiveness from your Lord, and
Paradise the width whereof is as the width of the heaven and the
earth.)(57:21) Therefore, those who rush to obey Allah in this life and
are foremost in performing acts of righteousness, will be among the
foremost believers honored in the Hereafter. Verily, the reward is
according to the kind of deed, and as one does, so he is judged. So
Allah said:
﴿ أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ ٱلۡمُقَرَّبُونَ • فِى جَنَّـٰتِ ٱلنَّعِيمِ ﴾
(These will be the nearest (to Allah). In the Gardens of Delight.)
﴿ ثُلَّةٌ۬ مِّنَ ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ • وَقَلِيلٌ۬ مِّنَ ٱلۡأَخِرِينَ • عَلَىٰ سُرُرٍ۬ مَّوۡضُونَةٍ۬ • مُّتَّكِـِٔينَ عَلَيۡہَا مُتَقَـٰبِلِينَ • يَطُوفُ عَلَيۡہِمۡ وِلۡدَٲنٌ۬ مُّخَلَّدُونَ • بِأَكۡوَابٍ۬ وَأَبَارِيقَ وَكَأۡسٍ۬ مِّن مَّعِينٍ۬ • لَّا يُصَدَّعُونَ عَنۡہَا وَلَا يُنزِفُونَ • وَفَـٰكِهَةٍ۬ مِّمَّا يَتَخَيَّرُونَ • وَلَحۡمِ طَيۡرٍ۬ مِّمَّا يَشۡتَہُونَ • وَحُورٌ عِينٌ۬ • كَأَمۡثَـٰلِ ٱللُّؤۡلُوِٕ ٱلۡمَكۡنُونِ • جَزَآءَۢ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَعۡمَلُونَ • لَا يَسۡمَعُونَ فِيہَا لَغۡوً۬ا وَلَا تَأۡثِيمًا • إِلَّا قِيلاً۬ سَلَـٰمً۬ا سَلَـٰمً۬ا ﴾
(13.
A multitude of those will be from the first ones.) (14. And a few of
those will be from the later ones.) (15. (They will be) on thrones,
Mawdunah.) (16. Reclining thereon, face to face.) (17. Immortal boys
will go around them (serving),) (18. With cups, and jugs, and a glass of
flowing wine,) (19. Wherefrom neither Yusadda`un nor Yunzifun.) (20.
And with fruit that they may choose.) (21. And with the flesh of fowls
that they desire.) (22. And (there will be) Hur with wide lovely eyes.)
(23. Like preserved pearls.) (24. A reward for what they used to do.)
(25. No Laghw (evil vain talk) will they hear therein, nor any sinful
speech.) (26. But only the saying of: "Salaman! Salaman!'')
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