المشاركات
http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/70:1
70
Al-Ma'arij
The Ways of Ascent
Ibn Kathir - English
Verse
1
Page 568
Which was revealed in Makkah
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿ سَأَلَ سَآٮِٕلُۢ بِعَذَابٍ۬ وَاقِعٍ۬ • لِّلۡڪَـٰفِرِينَ لَيۡسَ لَهُ ۥ دَافِعٌ۬ • مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ ذِى ٱلۡمَعَارِجِ • تَعۡرُجُ ٱلۡمَلَـٰٓٮِٕڪَةُ وَٱلرُّوحُ إِلَيۡهِ فِى يَوۡمٍ۬ كَانَ مِقۡدَارُهُ ۥ خَمۡسِينَ أَلۡفَ سَنَةٍ۬ • فَٱصۡبِرۡ صَبۡرً۬ا جَمِيلاً • إِنَّہُمۡ يَرَوۡنَهُ ۥ بَعِيدً۬ا • وَنَرَٮٰهُ قَرِيبً۬ا ﴾
(1.
A questioner asked concerning a torment about to befall) (2. Upon the
disbelievers, which none can avert,) (3. From Allah, the Lord of the
ways of ascent.) (4. The angels and the Ruh ascend to Him in a Day the
measure whereof is fifty thousand years.) (5. So be patient, with a good
patience.) (6. Verily, they see it (the torment) afar off.) (7. But We
see it near.)
A Request to hasten the Day of Judgement
﴿ سَأَلَ سَآٮِٕلُۢ بِعَذَابٍ۬ وَاقِعٍ۬ ﴾
(A
questioner asked concerning a torment about to befall) This Ayah
contains an assumed meaning that is alluded to by the letter "Ba''. It
is as though it is saying, a questioner requested to hasten on the
torment that is about to fall. It is similar to Allah's statement,
﴿ وَيَسۡتَعۡجِلُونَكَ بِٱلۡعَذَابِ وَلَن يُخۡلِفَ ٱللَّهُ وَعۡدَهُ ۥۚ ﴾
(And
they ask you to hasten on the torment! And Allah fails not His
promise.) (22:47) meaning, that its torment will occur and there is no
avoiding it. Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas concerning the Ayah,
﴿ سَأَلَ سَآٮِٕلُۢ بِعَذَابٍ۬ وَاقِعٍ۬ ﴾
(A
questioner asked concerning a torment about to befall) "That is the
questioning of the disbelievers about the torment of Allah and it will
occur to them.'' Ibn Abi Najih reported from Mujahid that he said
concerning Allah's statement
﴿ سَأَلَ سَآٮِٕلُۢ ﴾
(A
questioner asked), "A person called out (requesting) for the torment
that will occur in the Hereafter to happen.'' Then he said, "This is
their saying,
﴿
ٱللَّهُمَّ إِن كَانَ هَـٰذَا هُوَ ٱلۡحَقَّ مِنۡ عِندِكَ فَأَمۡطِرۡ
عَلَيۡنَا حِجَارَةً۬ مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ أَوِ ٱئۡتِنَا بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ۬ ﴾
(O
Allah! If this is indeed the truth from you, then rain down stones on
us from the sky or bring on us a painful torment.)'' (8:32) Allah's
statement,
﴿ وَاقِعٍ۬ • لِّلۡڪَـٰفِرِينَ ﴾
(about
to befall (Waqi`) upon the disbelievers,) means, it is waiting in
preparation for the disbelievers. Ibn `Abbas said, "Waqi` means
coming.''
﴿ لَيۡسَ لَهُ ۥ دَافِعٌ۬ ﴾
(which non can avert) meaning, there is no one who can repel it if Allah wants it to happen. Thus, Allah says,
﴿ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ ذِى ٱلۡمَعَارِجِ ﴾
(From Allah, the Lord of the ways of ascent (Al-Ma`arij).)
The Tafsir of "Lord of the ways of ascent"
`Ali
bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn `Abbas, "Lord of the ways of ascent
means loftiness and abundance.'' Mujahid said, "Lord of the ways of
ascent means the ways of ascension into the heavens.'' Concerning
Allah's statement,
﴿ تَعۡرُجُ ٱلۡمَلَـٰٓٮِٕڪَةُ وَٱلرُّوحُ إِلَيۡهِ ﴾
(The
angels and the Ruh Ta`ruju to Him) `Abdur-Razzaq reported from Ma`mar
from Qatadah that Ta`ruju means to ascend. In reference to the Ruh, Abu
Salih said, "They are creatures from the creation of Allah that resemble
humans but they are not humans.'' It could be that here it means
Jibril, and this is a way of connecting the specific to the general
(other angels). It could also be referring to the name of the souls
(Arwah) of the Children of Adam (humans). For verily, when they (the
human souls) are taken at death, they are lifted up to the heavens just
as the Hadith of Al-Bara' proves.
The Meaning of a "Day the measure whereof is fifty thousand years"
Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ فِى يَوۡمٍ۬ كَانَ مِقۡدَارُهُ ۥ خَمۡسِينَ أَلۡفَ سَنَةٍ۬ ﴾
(in
a Day the measure whereof is fifty thousand years.) This refers to the
Day of Judgement. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Ibn `Abbas that he said
concerning the Ayah,
﴿ فِى يَوۡمٍ۬ كَانَ مِقۡدَارُهُ ۥ خَمۡسِينَ أَلۡفَ سَنَةٍ۬ ﴾
(in
a Day the measure whereof is fifty thousand years.) "It is the Day of
Judgement.'' The chain of narration of this report (to Ibn `Abbas) is
authentic. Ath-Thawri reported from Simak bin Harb from `Ikrimah that he
said concerning this verse, "It is the Day of Judgement.'' Ad-Dahhak
and Ibn Zayd both said the same. `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn
`Abbas concerning the Ayah,
﴿ تَعۡرُجُ ٱلۡمَلَـٰٓٮِٕڪَةُ وَٱلرُّوحُ إِلَيۡهِ فِى يَوۡمٍ۬ كَانَ مِقۡدَارُهُ ۥ خَمۡسِينَ أَلۡفَ سَنَةٍ۬ ﴾
(The
angels and the Ruh ascend to Him in a Day the measure whereof is fifty
thousand years.) "It is the Day of Judgement that Allah has made to be
the measure of fifty thousand years for the disbelievers. '' Many
Hadiths have been reported with this same meaning. Imam Ahmad recorded
from Abu `Umar Al-Ghudani that he said, "I was with Abu Hurayrah when a
man from Bani `Amir bin Sa`sa`ah passed and it was said: `This man is
the wealthiest man of Bani `Amir.' So Abu Hurayrah said, `Bring him back
to me.' So they brought the man back to Abu Hurayrah. Then Abu Hurayrah
said, `I have been informed that you are a man of great wealth.' The
man from Bani `Amir replied, `Yes, by Allah. I have one hundred
red-colored camels, one hundred brown-colored camels...' and so on he
counted numerous colored camels, the races of the slaves and the types
of fetters for his horses that he owned. So Abu Hurayrah said, `Beware
of the hooves of the camels and the cloven hooves of the cattle.' He
continued repeating that to him until the color of the man began to
change. Then the man said, `O Abu Hurayrah what is this' Abu Hurayrah
replied, `I heard the Messenger of Allah say,
« مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ إِبِلٌ لَا يُعْطِي حَقَّهَا فِي نَجْدَتِهَا وَرِسْلِهَا »
(Whoever
has camels and does not give their due (Zakah) in their Najdah and
their Risl...) We interrupted saying, `O Messenger of Allah! What is
their Najdah and Risl' He said,
«
فِي عُسْرِهَا وَيُسْرِهَا، فَإِنَّهَا تَأْتِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ
كَأَغَذِّ مَا كَانَتْ وَأَكْثَرِهِ وَأَسْمَنِهِ وَآشَرِهِ، ثُمَّ
يُبْطَحُ لَهَا بِقَاعٍ قَرْقَرٍ فَتَطَؤُهُ بِأَخْفَافِهَا، فَإِذَا
جَاوَزَتْهُ أُخْرَاهَا أُعِيدَتْ عَلَيْهِ أُولَاهَا فِي يَوْم كَانَ
مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ، حَتْى يُقْضَى بَيْنَ النَّاسِ
فَيَرَى سَبِيلَهُ. وَإِذَا كَانَتْ لَهُ بَقَرٌ لَا يُعْطِي حَقَّهَا فِي
نَجْدَتِهَا وَرِسْلِهَا، فَإِنَّهَا تَأْتِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ
كَأَغَذِّ مَا كَانَتْ وَأَكْثَرِهِ وَأَسْمَنِهِ وَآشَرِهِ، ثُمَّ
يُبْطَحُ لَهَا بِقَاعٍ قَرْقَرٍ، فَتَطَؤُهُ كُلُّ ذَاتِ ظِلْفٍ
بِظِلْفِهَا وَتَنْطَحُهُ كُلُّ ذَاتِ قَرْنٍ بِقَرْنِهَا، لَيْسَ فِيهَا
عَقْصَاءُ وَلَا عَضْبَاءُ، إِذَا جَاوَزَتْهُ أُخْرَاهَا أُعِيدَتْ
عَلَيْهِ أُولَاهَا، فِي يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ
حَتْى يُقْضَى بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَيَرَى سَبِيلَهُ. وَإِذَا كَانَتْ لَهُ
غَنَمٌ لَا يُعْطِي حَقَّهَا فِي نَجْدَتِهَا وَرِسْلِهَا فَإِنَّهَا
تَأْتِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ كَأَغَذِّ مَا كَانَتْ وَأَسْمَنِهِ وَآشَرِهِ
حَتْى يُبْطَحَ لَهَا بِقَاعٍ قَرْقَرٍ فَتَطَؤُهُ كُلُّ ذَاتِ ظِلْفٍ
بِظِلْفِهَا وَتَنْطَحُهُ كُلُّ ذَاتِ قَرْنٍ بِقَرْنِهَا، لَيْسَ فِيهَا
عَقْصَاءُ وَلَا عَضْبَاءُ إِذَا جَاوَزَتْهُ أُخْرَاهَا أُعِيدَتْ
عَلَيْهِ أُولَاهَا، فِي يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ
سَنَةٍ، حَتْى يُقْضَى بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَيَرَى سَبِيلَه »
(It
is their difficulty and their ease, for verily, they will come on the
Day of Resurrection healthier than before. They will be more in number,
fatter and more lively and unruly. Then a soft, level plain will be
spread out for them and they will trample him with their hooves. When
the last of them has passed over him, the first of them will return to
trample him again during a day whose measure will be fifty thousand
years. This will continue until the case of all the people is decided
between them. Then he (the withholder of Zakah) will see his path (i.e.,
either to Paradise or Hell). If he had cows that he did not pay the
Zakah in their ease and their difficult times, then they will come on
the Day of Judgement healthier than they were before. They will be more
in number, fatter and more lively and unruly. Then a soft, level plain
will be spread out for them and they will trample him. Every one of them
that has cloven hooves will trample him with its hooves, and every one
of them that has a horn will butt him with its horn. There will not be
any hornless or bent horned animals among them. When the last of them
has passed over him, the first of them will return to trample him again
during a day whose measure will be fifty thousand years. This will
continue until the case of all the people is decided between them. Then
he (the withholder of Zakah) will see his path (i.e., either to Paradise
or Hell). If he has any sheep that he does not pay the due Zakah in
their difficulty and their ease, then they will come on the Day of
Judgement healthier than they were before. They will be more (in number)
fatter and more lively and unruly. Then a soft, level plain will be
spread out for them and they will trample him. Every one of them that
has a cloven hoof will trample him with its hooves, and every one of
them that has a horn will butt him with its horn. There will not be any
hornless or bent horned animals among them. When the last of them has
passed over him, the first of them will return to trample him again
during a day whose measure will be fifty thousand years. This will
continue until the case of all the people is decided between them. Then
he (the withholder of Zakah) will see his path (i.e., either to Paradise
or Hell).) Then, the man from Bani `Amir said, `What is the due of the
camel, O Abu Hurayrah' Abu Hurayrah said, `It is that you give (in your
Zakah payment) from your most valuable camels, that you lend a milking
she-camel, that you lend your mount for riding, that you give the milk
(to the people) for drinking, and you lend the male camel for
breeding.''' This Hadith was also recorded by Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i.
A Different Version of this Hadith
Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said,
«
مَا مِنْ صَاحِبِ كَنْزٍ لَا يُؤَدِّي حَقَّهُ إِلَّا جُعِلَ صَفَائِحَ،
يُحْمَى عَلَيْهَا فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ، فَتُكْوَى بِهَا جَبْهَتُهُ
وَجَنْبُهُ وَظَهْرُهُ، حَتْى يَحْكُمَ اللهُ بَيْنَ عِبَادِهِ فِي يَوْم
كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ مِمَّا تَعُدُّونَ، ثُمَّ يَرَى
سَبِيلَهُ إِمَّا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَإِمَّا إِلَى النَّار »
(There
is not any owner of treasure who does not pay its due except that it
will be made into heated metal plates and branded upon him in the fire
of Hell. His forehead, side and back will be scorched with these metal
plates. This will continue until Allah judges between His servants on a
Day whose measure is fifty thousand years of what you count. Then he
will see his path, either to Paradise or to the Fire.) Then he (Abu
Hurayrah) mentions the rest of the Hadith about the sheep and camels
just as mentioned before. In this narration (of Ahmad) the Prophet also
added,
« الْخَيْلُ لِثَلَاثَةٍ: لِرَجُلٍ أَجْرٌ، وَلِرَجُلٍ سِتْرٌ، وَعَلَى رَجُلٍ وِزْر »
(The
horse is for three (on the Day of Judgement): for one man it is a
reward, for another man it is a shield (protection), and upon another
man it is a burden.) And the Hadith continues. Muslim also recorded this
Hadith in its entirety even though Al-Bukhari did not mention it. The
intent behind mentioning this here is the Prophet's statement,
« حَتْى يَحْكُمَ اللهُ بَيْنَ عِبَادِهِ فِي يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَة »
(Until Allah judges between His servants on a day whose measurement is fifty thousand years.)
Instructing the Prophet to have Patience Then
Allah says,
﴿ فَٱصۡبِرۡ صَبۡرً۬ا جَمِيلاً ﴾
(So
be patient, with a good patience.) meaning, `be patient, O Muhammad,
with your people's rejection and their seeking to hasten the torment
since they think it will not occur.' Allah says in another Ayah,
﴿
يَسۡتَعۡجِلُ بِہَا ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِہَاۖ وَٱلَّذِينَ
ءَامَنُواْ مُشۡفِقُونَ مِنۡہَا وَيَعۡلَمُونَ أَنَّهَا ٱلۡحَقُّۗ ﴾
(Those
who believe not therein seek to hasten it, while those believe are
fearful of it, and know that it is the very truth.) (42:18) Thus, Allah
says,
﴿ إِنَّہُمۡ يَرَوۡنَهُ ۥ بَعِيدً۬ا ﴾
(Verily,
they see it (the torment) afar off.) meaning, the happening of the
torment and the establishment of the Hour (Day of Judgement). The
disbelievers see this as something that is farfetched. The word "Ba`id''
here means that which is impossible to occur.
﴿ وَنَرَٮٰهُ قَرِيبً۬ا ﴾
(But
We see it (quite) near.) meaning, the believers believe that its
occurrence is near, even though its time of occurrence is unknown and no
one knows when it will be except Allah. All of what is approaching then
it is near and it will definitely happen.
﴿ يَوۡمَ تَكُونُ ٱلسَّمَآءُ كَٱلۡمُهۡلِ • وَتَكُونُ ٱلۡجِبَالُ كَٱلۡعِهۡنِ • وَلَا يَسۡـَٔلُ حَمِيمٌ حَمِيمً۬ا • يُبَصَّرُونَہُمۡۚ يَوَدُّ ٱلۡمُجۡرِمُ لَوۡ يَفۡتَدِى مِنۡ عَذَابِ يَوۡمِٮِٕذِۭ بِبَنِيهِ • وَصَـٰحِبَتِهِۦ وَأَخِيهِ • وَفَصِيلَتِهِ ٱلَّتِى تُـٔۡوِيهِ • وَمَن فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ جَمِيعً۬ا ثُمَّ يُنجِيهِ • كَلَّآۖ إِنَّہَا لَظَىٰ • نَزَّاعَةً۬ لِّلشَّوَىٰ • تَدۡعُواْ مَنۡ أَدۡبَرَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ • وَجَمَعَ فَأَوۡعَىٰٓ ﴾
(8.
The Day that the sky will be like the Al-Muhl.) (9. And the mountains
will be like `Ihn.) (10. And no friend will ask a friend,) (11. Though
they shall be made to see one another, the criminal would desire to
ransom himself from the punishment of that Day by his children.) (12.
And his wife and his brother,) (13. And his Fasilah who sheltered him,)
(14. And all that are in the earth, so that it might save him.) (15. By
no means! Verily, it will be the fire of Hell,) (16. Naza`ah the Shawa!)
(17. Calling (all) such as turn their backs and turn away their faces.)
(18. And collect (wealth) and hide it (from spending it in the cause of
Allah).)
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