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http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/61:1
61
As-Saff
The Row
Ibn Kathir - English
Verse
1
Page 551
The Virtues of Surat As-Saff
Imam
Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Salam said, "We asked, `Who among us
should go to the Messenger and ask him about the dearest actions to
Allah' None among us volunteered. The Messenger sent a man to us and
that man gathered us and recited this Surah, Surat As-Saff, in its
entirety.'''
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿ سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ • يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لِمَ تَقُولُونَ مَا لَا تَفۡعَلُونَ • ڪَبُرَ مَقۡتًا عِندَ ٱللَّهِ أَن تَقُولُواْ مَا لَا تَفۡعَلُونَ • إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُقَـٰتِلُونَ فِى سَبِيلِهِۦ صَفًّ۬ا كَأَنَّهُم بُنۡيَـٰنٌ۬ مَّرۡصُوصٌ۬ ﴾
(1.
Whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is on the earth glorifies
Allah. And He is the Almighty, the All-Wise.) (2. O you who believe! Why
do you say that which you do not do) (3. Most hateful it is with Allah
that you say that which you do not do.) (4. Verily, Allah loves those
who fight in His cause in rows as if they were a solid structure.)
Chastising Those Who say what They do not do
We mentioned in many a places before the meaning of Allah's statement,
﴿ سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ﴾
(Whatsoever
is in the heavens and whatsoever is on the earth glorifies Allah. And
He is the Almighty, the All-Wise.) Therefore, we do not need to repeat
its meaning here. Allah's statement,
﴿ يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لِمَ تَقُولُونَ مَا لَا تَفۡعَلُونَ ﴾
(O
you who believe! Why do you say that which you do not do) This refutes
those who neglect to fulfill their promises. This honorable Ayah
supports the view that several scholars of the Salaf held, that it is
necessary to fulfill the promise, regardless of whether the promise
includes some type of wealth for the person receiving the promise or
otherwise. They also argue from the Sunnah, with the Hadith recorded in
the Two Sahihs in which Allah's Messenger said,
« آيَةُ الْمُنَافِقِ ثَلَاثٌ: إِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ، وَإِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وَإِذَا اؤْتُمِنَ خَان »
(There
are three signs for a hypocrite: when he promises, he breaks his
promise; when speaks, he lies; and when he is entrusted, he betrays.)
And in another Hadith in the Sahih,
«
أَرْبَعٌ مَنْ كُنَّ فِيهِ كَانَ مُنَافِقًا خَالِصًا، وَمَنْ كَانَتْ
فِيهِ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ كَانَتْ فِيهِ خَصْلَةٌ مِنْ نِفَاقٍ حَتْى
يَدَعَهَا »
(There are four
characteristics which if one has all of them, he is the pure hypocrite,
and if anyone has any of them, he has a characteristic of hypocrisy,
until he abandons it.) So he mentioned breaking the promise among these
four characteristics. We mentioned the meaning of these two Hadiths in
the beginning of the explanation of Sahih Al-Bukhari, and to Allah is
the praise and the thanks. Therefore Allah implied this meaning, when He
continued His admonishment by saying,
﴿ ڪَبُرَ مَقۡتًا عِندَ ٱللَّهِ أَن تَقُولُواْ مَا لَا تَفۡعَلُونَ ﴾
(Most
hateful it is with Allah that you say that which you do not do.) Imam
Ahmad and Abu Dawud recorded that `Abdullah bin `Amir bin Rabi`ah said,
"Allah's Messenger came to us while I was a young boy, and I went out to
play. My mother said, `O `Abdullah! Come, I want to give you
something.' Allah's Messenger said to her,
« وَمَا أَرَدْتِ أَنْ تُعْطِيَهُ؟ »
(What did you want to give him) She said, `Dates.' He said,
« أَمَا إِنَّكِ لَوْ لَمْ تَفْعَلِي كُتِبَتْ عَلَيْكِ كَذْبَة »
(If
you had not given them to him, it would have been written as a lie in
your record.)'' Muqatil bin Hayyan said, "The faithful believers said,
`If we only knew the dearest good actions to Allah, we would perform
them.' Thus, Allah told them about the dearest actions to Him, saying,
﴿ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُقَـٰتِلُونَ فِى سَبِيلِهِۦ صَفًّ۬ا ﴾
(Verily,
Allah loves those who fight in His cause in rows) Allah stated what He
likes, and they were tested on the day of Uhud. However, they retreated
and fled, leaving the Prophet behind. It was about their case that Allah
revealed this Ayah:
﴿ يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لِمَ تَقُولُونَ مَا لَا تَفۡعَلُونَ ﴾
(O
you who believe! Why do you say that which you do not do) Allah says
here, `The dearest of you to Me, is he who fights in My cause.''' Some
said that it was revealed about the gravity of fighting in battle, when
one says that he fought and endured the battle, even though he did not
do so. Qatadah and Ad-Dahhak said that this Ayah was sent down to
admonish some people who used to say that they killed, fought, stabbed,
and did such and such during battle, even though they did not do any of
it. Sa`id bin Jubayr said about Allah's statement,
﴿ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُقَـٰتِلُونَ فِى سَبِيلِهِۦ صَفًّ۬ا ﴾
(Verily,
Allah loves those who fight in His cause in rows (ranks)) "Before
Allah's Messenger began the battle against the enemy, he liked to line
up his forces in rows; in this Surah, Allah teaches the believers to do
the same.'' He also said that Allah's statement,
﴿ كَأَنَّهُم بُنۡيَـٰنٌ۬ مَّرۡصُوصٌ۬ ﴾
(as
if they were a solid structure.) means, its parts are firmly connected
to each other; in rows for battle. Muqatil bin Hayyan said, "Firmly
connected to each other.'' Ibn `Abbas commented on the meaning of the
Ayah,
﴿ كَأَنَّهُم بُنۡيَـٰنٌ۬ مَّرۡصُوصٌ۬ ﴾
(as
if they were a solid structure.) by saying, "They are like a firm
structure that does not move, because its parts are cemented to each
other.''
﴿
وَإِذۡ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوۡمِهِۦ يَـٰقَوۡمِ لِمَ تُؤۡذُونَنِى وَقَد
تَّعۡلَمُونَ أَنِّى رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ إِلَيۡڪُمۡۖ فَلَمَّا زَاغُوٓاْ
أَزَاغَ ٱللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَہۡدِى ٱلۡقَوۡمَ
ٱلۡفَـٰسِقِينَ • وَإِذۡ قَالَ عِيسَى
ٱبۡنُ مَرۡيَمَ يَـٰبَنِىٓ إِسۡرَٲٓءِيلَ إِنِّى رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ إِلَيۡكُم
مُّصَدِّقً۬ا لِّمَا بَيۡنَ يَدَىَّ مِنَ ٱلتَّوۡرَٮٰةِ وَمُبَشِّرَۢا
بِرَسُولٍ۬ يَأۡتِى مِنۢ بَعۡدِى ٱسۡمُهُ ۥۤ أَحۡمَدُۖ فَلَمَّا جَآءَهُم
بِٱلۡبَيِّنَـٰتِ قَالُواْ هَـٰذَا سِحۡرٌ۬ مُّبِينٌ۬ ﴾
(5.
And when Musa said to his people: "O my people! Why do you annoy me
while you know certainly that I am the Messenger of Allah to you So,
when they turned away (from the path of Allah), Allah turned their
hearts away (from the right path). And Allah guides not the people who
are rebellious.) (6. And (remember) when `Isa, son of Maryam, said: "O
Children of Israel! I am the Messenger of Allah unto you, confirming the
Tawrah ﴿which came﴾
before me, and giving glad tidings of a Messenger to come after me,
whose name shall be Ahmad. "But when he came to them with clear proofs,
they said: "This is plain magic.'')
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