المشاركات
http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/58:1
58
Al-Mujadilah
She That Disputed
Ibn Kathir - English
Verse
1
Page 542
Which was revealed in Al-Madinah
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿
قَدۡ سَمِعَ ٱللَّهُ قَوۡلَ ٱلَّتِى تُجَـٰدِلُكَ فِى زَوۡجِهَا
وَتَشۡتَكِىٓ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ وَٱللَّهُ يَسۡمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَآۚ إِنَّ
ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعُۢ بَصِيرٌ ﴾
(1.
Indeed Allah has heard the statement of her that disputes with you
concerning her husband, and complains to Allah. And Allah hears the
argument between you both. Verily, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Seer.)
Reason for revealing this Surah
Imam
Ahmad recorded that `A'ishah said, "All praise be to Allah, Who hears
all voices. "The woman who disputed'' came to the Prophet and argued
with him while I was in another part of the room, unable to hear what
she said. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored revealed this Ayah,
﴿ قَدۡ سَمِعَ ٱللَّهُ قَوۡلَ ٱلَّتِى تُجَـٰدِلُكَ فِى زَوۡجِهَا ﴾
(Indeed
Allah has heard the statement of her that disputes with you concerning
her husband.)'' till the end of this Ayah. Al-Bukhari collected this
Hadith without a chain of narration in the Book of Tawhid in his Sahih.
An-Nasa'i, Ibn Majah, Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir also collected this
Hadith. In the narration that Ibn Abi Hatim collected, `A'ishah said,
"Blessed is He, Whose hearing has encompassed all things. I heard what
Khawlah bint Tha`labah said while some of it I could not hear. She was
complaining to Allah's Messenger about her husband. She said, `O Allah's
Messenger! He spent my wealth, exhausted my youth and my womb bore
abundantly for him. When I became old, unable to bear children, he
pronounced the Ziharon me! O Allah! I complain to you.' Soon after,
Jibril brought down this Ayah,
﴿ قَدۡ سَمِعَ ٱللَّهُ قَوۡلَ ٱلَّتِى تُجَـٰدِلُكَ فِى زَوۡجِهَا ﴾
(Indeed
Allah has heard the statement of her that disputes with you concerning
her husband,)'' She added, "Her husband was Aws bin As-Samit.''
﴿
ٱلَّذِينَ يُظَـٰهِرُونَ مِنكُم مِّن نِّسَآٮِٕهِم مَّا هُنَّ
أُمَّهَـٰتِهِمۡۖ إِنۡ أُمَّهَـٰتُهُمۡ إِلَّا ٱلَّـٰٓـِٔى وَلَدۡنَهُمۡۚ
وَإِنَّہُمۡ لَيَقُولُونَ مُنڪَرً۬ا مِّنَ ٱلۡقَوۡلِ وَزُورً۬اۚ وَإِنَّ
ٱللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ۬ •
وَٱلَّذِينَ يُظَـٰهِرُونَ مِن نِّسَآٮِٕہِمۡ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا
قَالُواْ فَتَحۡرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ۬ مِّن قَبۡلِ أَن يَتَمَآسَّاۚ ذَٲلِكُمۡ
تُوعَظُونَ بِهِۦۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ۬ •
فَمَن لَّمۡ يَجِدۡ فَصِيَامُ شَہۡرَيۡنِ مُتَتَابِعَيۡنِ مِن قَبۡلِ أَن
يَتَمَآسَّاۖ فَمَن لَّمۡ يَسۡتَطِعۡ فَإِطۡعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسۡكِينً۬اۚ
ذَٲلِكَ لِتُؤۡمِنُواْ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦۚ وَتِلۡكَ حُدُودُ
ٱللَّهِۗ وَلِلۡكَـٰفِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ﴾
(2.
Those among you who make their wives unlawful to them by Zihar they
cannot be their mothers. None can be their mothers except those who gave
them birth. And verily, they utter an ill word and a lie. And verily,
Allah is Oft-Pardoning, Oft-Forgiving.) (3. And those who make unlawful
to them (their wives) by Zihar and wish to free themselves from what
they uttered, (the penalty) in that case is the freeing of a slave
before they touch each other. That is an admonition to you. And Allah is
All-Aware of what you do.) (4. And he who finds not, must fast two
successive months before they both touch each other. And he who is
unable to do so, should feed sixty of the poor. That is in order that
you may have perfect faith in Allah and His Messenger. These are the
limits set by Allah. And for disbelievers, there is a painful torment.)
Az-Zihar and the Atonement for It Imam
Ahmad
recorded that Khuwaylah bint Tha`labah said, "By Allah! Allah sent down
the beginning of Surat Al-Mujadilah in connection with me and `Aws bin
As-Samit. He was my husband and had grown old and difficult. One day, he
came to me and I argued with him about something and he said, out of
anger, `You are like my mother's back to me.' He went out and sat with
some of his people. Then he came back and wanted to have sexual
intercourse with me. I said, `No, by the One in Whose Hand is the soul
of Khuwaylah! You will not have your way with me after you said what you
said, until Allah and His Messenger issue judgment about our case.' He
wanted to have his way regardless of my choice and I pushed him away
from me; he was an old man.' I next went to one of my neighbors and
borrowed a garment from her and went to the Messenger of Allah . I told
him what happened and kept complaining to him of the ill treatment I
received from `Aws. He said,
« يَاخُوَيْلَةُ، ابْنُ عَمِّكِ شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ، فَاتَّقِي اللهَ فِيه »
(O
Khuwaylah! Your cousin is an old man, so have Taqwa of Allah regarding
him.) By Allah! Before I departed, parts of the Qur'an were revealed
about me. Allah's Messenger felt the hardship upon receiving the
revelation as he usually did and then became relieved. He said to me,
« يَا خُوَيْلَةُ، قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِيكِ وَفِي صَاحِبِكِ قُرْآنًا »
(O Khuwaylah! Allah has revealed something about you and your spouse.) He recited to me,
﴿
قَدۡ سَمِعَ ٱللَّهُ قَوۡلَ ٱلَّتِى تُجَـٰدِلُكَ فِى زَوۡجِهَا
وَتَشۡتَكِىٓ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ وَٱللَّهُ يَسۡمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَآۚ إِنَّ
ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعُۢ بَصِيرٌ ﴾
(Indeed
Allah has heard the statement of her that disputes with you concerning
her husband, and complains to Allah. And Allah hears the argument
between you both. Verily, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Seer.), until,
﴿ وَلِلۡكَـٰفِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ﴾
(And for disbelievers, there is a painful torment.) He then said to me,
« مُرِيهِ فَلْيُعْتِقْ رَقَبَة »
(Command him to free a slave.) I said, `O Allah's Messenger! He does not have any to free.' He said,
« فَلْيَصُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْن »
(Let him fast for two consecutive months.) I said, `By Allah! He is an old man and cannot fast.' He said,
« فَلْيُطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا وَسْقًا مِنْ تَمْر »
(Let
him feed sixty poor people a Wasq of dates.) I said, `O Allah's
Messenger! By Allah, he does not have any of that.' He said,
« فَإِنَّا سَنُعِينُهُ بِعَرَقٍ مِنْ تَمْر »
(We will help him with a basket of dates.) I said, `And I, O Allah's Messenger! I will help him with another.' He said,
« قَدْ أَصَبْتِ وَأَحْسَنْتِ فَاذْهَبِي فَتَصَدَّقِي بِهِ عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ اسْتَوْصِي بِابْنِ عَمِّكِ خَيْرًا »
(You
have done a righteously good thing. So go and give away the dates on
his behalf and take care of your cousin.) I did that.''' Abu Dawud also
collected this Hadith in the Book of Divorce in his Sunan, according to
which her name is Khawlah bint Tha`labah. She is also known as Khawlah
bint Malik bin Tha`labah, and Khuwaylah. All these are close to each
other, and Allah knows best. This is what is correct about the reason
behind revealing this Surah. Therefore, Allah's statement,
﴿ ٱلَّذِينَ يُظَـٰهِرُونَ مِنكُم مِّن نِّسَآٮِٕهِم ﴾
(Those
among you who make their wives unlawful to them by Zihar) refers to
Zihar, which is derived from Az-Zahr, meaning, the back. During the time
of Jahiliyyah, when one wanted to declare Zihar towards his wife, he
would say, "To me, you are like the back of my mother.'' That was one
way they issued divorce during that time. Allah allowed this Ummah to
pay expiation for this statement and did not render it as a divorce,
contrary to the case during the time of Jahiliyyah. Allah said,
﴿ مَّا هُنَّ أُمَّهَـٰتِهِمۡۖ إِنۡ أُمَّهَـٰتُهُمۡ إِلَّا ٱلَّـٰٓـِٔى وَلَدۡنَهُمۡۚ ﴾
(they
cannot be their mothers. None can be their mothers except those who
gave them birth.) meaning, when the husband says to his wife that she is
like his mother, or the back of his mother etc., she does not become
his mother. Rather his mother is she who gave birth to him. This is why
Allah said,
﴿ وَإِنَّہُمۡ لَيَقُولُونَ مُنڪَرً۬ا مِّنَ ٱلۡقَوۡلِ وَزُورً۬اۚ ﴾
(And verily, they utter an ill word and a lie.) meaning, false and sinful speech,
﴿ وَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ۬ ﴾
(And
verily, Allah is Oft-Pardoning, Oft-Forgiving.) meaning, `what you used
to do during the time of Jahiliyyah, and what accidentally slips out of
your mouth, unintentionally.' Allah's statement,
﴿ وَٱلَّذِينَ يُظَـٰهِرُونَ مِن نِّسَآٮِٕہِمۡ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُواْ ﴾
(And
those who make unlawful to them (their wives) by Zihar and wish to free
themselves from what they uttered,) Ash-Shafi`i said, "It means to keep
her for a while after the Zihar, without divorcing her, even though his
is able to do so.'' Ahmad bin Hanbal said, "To return to having sexual
relations with her or to merely intend to do so, but only after he pays
the expiation mentioned in the Ayah for his statement.'' It has been
quoted from Malik that it is the intention to have sexual relations or
to keep her or actually having sexual intercourse. Sa`id bin Jubayr said
that this Ayah,
﴿ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُواْ ﴾
(and
wish to free themselves from what they uttered,) meaning, if they want
to return to having sexual intercourse which was forbidden between them.
Al-Hasan Al-Basri said that it is to utilize her sexual organ, and he
did not see any harm in doing what is less than that before paying the
expiation. `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn `Abbas:
﴿ مِّن قَبۡلِ أَن يَتَمَآسَّاۚ ﴾
(before
they touch each other.) "The `touching' refers here to sexual
intercourse.'' Similar was said by `Ata', Az-Zuhri, Qatadah and Muqatil
bin Hayyan. Az-Zuhri added, "He is not to kiss or touch her until he
pays the expiation.'' The Sunan compilers recorded from `Ikrimah, from
Ibn `Abbas that a man said, "O Allah's Messenger! I pronounced Zihar on
my wife, but then had sexual intercourse with her before I paid the
expiation.'' The Messenger said,
« مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلى ذَلِكَ يَرْحَمُكَ الله »
(May
Allah grant you His mercy, what made you do that) He said, "I saw the
adornment she was wearing shining in the moon's light.'' The Prophet
said,
« فَلَا تَقْرَبْهَا حَتْى تَفْعَلَ مَا أَمَرَكَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَل »
(Then
do not touch her until you do what Allah the Exalted and Most Honored
has ordered you to do.) At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib Sahih.'' Abu
Dawud and An-Nasa'i also recorded it. Allah said,
﴿ فَتَحۡرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ۬ ﴾
((the
penalty) in that case is the freeing of a slave) indicating the
necessity of freeing a slave before they touch each other. This Ayah
mentions any slave, not only believing servants as in the case of the
expiation for (unintentional) killing,
﴿ ذَٲلِكُمۡ تُوعَظُونَ بِهِۦۚ ﴾
(That is an admonition to you.) meaning, a warning to threaten you in this case.
﴿ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ۬ ﴾
(And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) meaning, He is All-Knower in what brings you benefit. Allah's statement,
﴿
فَمَن لَّمۡ يَجِدۡ فَصِيَامُ شَہۡرَيۡنِ مُتَتَابِعَيۡنِ مِن قَبۡلِ أَن
يَتَمَآسَّاۖ فَمَن لَّمۡ يَسۡتَطِعۡ فَإِطۡعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسۡكِينً۬اۚ
﴾
(And
he who finds not must fast two successive months before they both touch
each other. And he who is unable to do so, should feed sixty of the
poor.) is explained by the Hadiths that prescribe these punishments in
this order, just as in the Hadith collected in the Two Sahihs about the
man who had sexual intercourse with his wife during the day, in Ramadan.
Allah said,
﴿ ذَٲلِكَ لِتُؤۡمِنُواْ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦۚ ﴾
(That
is in order that you may have perfect faith in Allah and His
Messenger.) meaning, `We legislated this punishment so that you acquire
this trait,'
﴿ وَتِلۡكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِۗ ﴾
(These are the limits set by Allah.) meaning, the things that He has forbidden, so do not transgress them,
﴿ وَلِلۡكَـٰفِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ﴾
(And
for disbelievers, there is a painful torment.) meaning, those who do
not believe and do not abide by the rulings of Islamic legislation
should never think they will be saved from the torment. Rather theirs
will be a painful torment in this life and the Hereafter.
﴿
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُحَآدُّونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۥ كُبِتُواْ كَمَا
كُبِتَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡۚ وَقَدۡ أَنزَلۡنَآ ءَايَـٰتِۭ
بَيِّنَـٰتٍ۬ۚ وَلِلۡكَـٰفِرِينَ عَذَابٌ۬ مُّهِينٌ۬ •
يَوۡمَ يَبۡعَثُهُمُ ٱللَّهُ جَمِيعً۬ا فَيُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا عَمِلُوٓاْۚ
أَحۡصَٮٰهُ ٱللَّهُ وَنَسُوهُۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىۡءٍ۬ شَہِيدٌ •
أَلَمۡ تَرَ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَعۡلَمُ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَمَا فِى
ٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ مَا يَڪُونُ مِن نَّجۡوَىٰ ثَلَـٰثَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ رَابِعُهُمۡ
وَلَا خَمۡسَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ سَادِسُہُمۡ وَلَآ أَدۡنَىٰ مِن ذَٲلِكَ
وَلَآ أَڪۡثَرَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَعَهُمۡ أَيۡنَ مَا كَانُواْۖ ثُمَّ
يُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا عَمِلُواْ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَـٰمَةِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ
بِكُلِّ شَىۡءٍ عَلِيمٌ ﴾
(5.
Verily, those who oppose Allah and His Messenger will be disgraced as
those before them were disgraced. And We have sent down clear Ayat. And
for the disbelievers is a disgraceful torment.) (6. On the Day when
Allah will resurrect them all together and inform them of what they did.
Allah has kept account of it, while they have forgotten it. And Allah
is Witness over all things.) (7. Have you not seen that Allah knows
whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is on the earth There is no
Najwa of three but He is their fourth nor of five but He is their sixth
nor of less than that or more but He is with them wheresoever they may
be. And afterwards on the Day of Resurrection He will inform them of
what they did. Verily, Allah is the All-Knower of everything.)
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