المشاركات
http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/50:1
50
Qaf
The Letter "Qaf"
Ibn Kathir - English
Verse
1
Page 518
The Beginning of the Mufassal Section of the Qur'an
This
Surah is the first Surah in the Mufassal section of the Qur'an,
according to the correct view. It is said that the Mufassal starts with
Surat Al-Hujurat. Some common people say that the Mufassal starts with
Surah `Amma An-Naba, (chapter 78), however, this is not true because
none of the respected scholars ever supported this opinion. Aws (bin
Hudhayfah) said; "I asked the Companions of Allah's Messenger () how
they divided the Qur'an. They said; `Three, five, seven, nine, eleven,
thirteen, and the Mufassal section as one.' '' This was recorded by Ibn
Majah and Imam Ahmad. If one counts forty-eight Surahs, the next Surah
will be Surah Qaf. The details are as follows: The ﴿first﴾
three Surahs are Al-Baqarah (chapter 2), Al `Imran (3), then An-Nisa'
(4). The five are Al-Ma'idah (5), Al-An`am (6), Al-A`raf (7), Al-Anfal
(8) and Bara'ah (or At-Tawbah) (9). The seven next Surahs are Surah
Yunus (10), Hud (11), Yusuf (12), Ar-Ra`d (13), Ibrahim (14), Al-Hijr
(15) and An-Nahl (16). The nine next Surahs are, Subhan (or Al-Isra'
(17)﴾, Al-Kahf (18), Maryam (19), Ta Ha
(20), Al-Anbiya' (21), Al-Hajj (22), Al-Mu`minun (23), An-Nur (24) and
Al-Furqan (25). The next eleven Surahs are Surat Ash-Shu`ara (26),
An-Naml (27), Al-Qasas (28), Al-`Ankabut (29), Ar-Rum (30), Luqman (31),
Alif Lam Mim As-Sajdah (32), Al-Ahzab (33), Saba' (34), Fatir (35) and
Ya Sin (36). The next thirteen are Surat As-Saffat (37), Sad (38),
Az-Zumar (39), Ghafir (40), Ha Mim As-Sajdah (or Fussilat) (41),
Ash-Shura (42), Az-Zukhruf (43), Ad-Dukhan (44), Al-Jathiyah (45),
Al-Ahqaf (46), Al-Qital (or Muhammad) (47), Al-Fath (48) and Al-Hujurat
(49). After that comes the Mufassal section, according to the
Companions, may Allah be pleased with them all. Therefore, Surah Qaf
(chapter 50) is the first of the Mufassal, just as we stated, and all
praise is due to Allah and all favors are from Him.
The Virtues of Surah Qaf
Imam
Ahmad recorded that `Umar bin Al-Khattab asked Abu Waqid Al-Laythi,
"What did the Prophet recite during the `Id Prayer'' Abu Waqid said,
"Surah Qaf and Surat Iqtarabat (i.e. Surat Al-Qamar (54)).'' Muslim and
the Four Collectors of the Sunan collected this Hadith. Imam Ahmad
recorded that Umm Hisham bint Harithah said, "For around two years, or a
year and a part of another year, our oven and the oven of the Prophet
was one and the same. I memorized Surah,
﴿ قٓۚ وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ ٱلۡمَجِيدِ ﴾
(Qaf.
By the Glorious Qur'an.) from the tongue of the Messenger of Allah who
used to recite it every Friday while standing on the Minbar delivering
the Friday sermon to the people.'' Muslim collected this Hadith. Abu
Dawud also recorded that the daughter of Al-Harith bin An-Nu`man said,
"I only memorized Surah Qaf from the mouth of the Messenger of Allah who
used to recite it in every Friday Khutbah. Our oven and the oven of the
Messenger was one and the same.'' Muslim and An-Nasa'i collected this
Hadith. Therefore, the Messenger of Allah used to recite this Surah
during large gatherings such as the `Ids and during Friday sermons. He
did so because this Surah contains news of the beginning of creation,
Resurrection, the Return, Standing (before Allah), the Reckoning,
Paradise, the Fire, Allah's reward and punishment, lessons of
encouragement, and lessons of discouragement. Allah knows best.
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿ قٓۚ وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ ٱلۡمَجِيدِ • بَلۡ عَجِبُوٓاْ أَن جَآءَهُم مُّنذِرٌ۬ مِّنۡهُمۡ فَقَالَ ٱلۡكَـٰفِرُونَ هَـٰذَا شَىۡءٌ عَجِيبٌ • أَءِذَا مِتۡنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابً۬اۖ ذَٲلِكَ رَجۡعُۢ بَعِيدٌ۬ • قَدۡ عَلِمۡنَا مَا تَنقُصُ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ مِنۡہُمۡۖ وَعِندَنَا كِتَـٰبٌ حَفِيظُۢ • بَلۡ كَذَّبُواْ بِٱلۡحَقِّ لَمَّا جَآءَهُمۡ فَهُمۡ فِىٓ أَمۡرٍ۬ مَّرِيجٍ ﴾
(1.
Qaf. By the Glorious Qur'an.) (2. Nay, they wonder that there has come
to them a warner from among themselves. So the disbelievers say: "This
is a strange thing!'') (3. "When we are dead and have become dust.
(Shall we be resurrected) That is a far return.'') (4. We know that
which the earth takes of them, and with Us is a Book preserved.) (5.
Nay, but they have denied the truth when it has come to them, so they
are in a Marij state.)
﴿ قٓۚ ﴾
(Qaf.) which is one of the letters of the alphabet that are mentioned in the beginning of some Surahs, such as,
﴿ صٓۚ ﴾
(Sad.) (38:1)
﴿ نٓۚ ﴾
(Nun. ) (68:1)
﴿ الٓمٓ ﴾
(Alif Lam Mim.) (2:1),
﴿ حمٓ ﴾
(Ha Mim.) (40:1), and
﴿ طسٓۚ ﴾
(Ta
Sin) (28:1) and etc., Mujahid and several others said this. We also
discussed this in the beginning of the explanation of Surat Al-Baqarah,
and therefore, it is not necessary to repeat it here.
The Disbelievers wonder at the Message and Resurrection Allah said,
﴿ وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ ٱلۡمَجِيدِ ﴾
(By the Glorious Qur'an.) means by the Honorable and Great Qur'an, which,
﴿ لَّا يَأۡتِيهِ ٱلۡبَـٰطِلُ مِنۢ بَيۡنِ يَدَيۡهِ وَلَا مِنۡ خَلۡفِهِۦۖ تَنزِيلٌ۬ مِّنۡ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ۬ ﴾
(Falsehood
cannot come to it from before it or behind it: (it is) sent down by the
All-Wise, Worthy of all praise.)(41:42) The subject of the oath
contained in this Ayah is specified afterwards, even though it does not
appear by word, emphasizing prophethood, resurrection and affirming that
they are true. There are similar kinds of oaths in the Qur'an, whose
subject is included in the meaning but not by word, such as,
﴿ صٓۚ وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ ذِى ٱلذِّكۡرِ • بَلِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى عِزَّةٍ۬ وَشِقَاقٍ۬ ﴾
(Sad. By the Qur'an full of reminding. Nay, those who disbelieve are in false pride and opposition.)(38:1-2) Allah said here,
﴿ قٓۚ وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ ٱلۡمَجِيدِ • بَلۡ عَجِبُوٓاْ أَن جَآءَهُم مُّنذِرٌ۬ مِّنۡهُمۡ فَقَالَ ٱلۡكَـٰفِرُونَ هَـٰذَا شَىۡءٌ عَجِيبٌ ﴾
(Qaf.
By the Glorious Qur'an. Nay, they wonder that there has come to them a
warner from among themselves. So the disbelievers say: "This is a
strange thing!'') They wondered at the wisdom behind sending a Messenger
who is a human being. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said in
another Ayah
﴿ أَكَانَ لِلنَّاسِ عَجَبًا أَنۡ أَوۡحَيۡنَآ إِلَىٰ رَجُلٍ۬ مِّنۡہُمۡ أَنۡ أَنذِرِ ٱلنَّاسَ ﴾
(Is
it a wonder for mankind that We have sent Our revelation to a man from
among themselves (saying): "Warn mankind.'') (10:2), meaning, this is
not strange, for Allah chooses Messengers from angels and humans. Allah
the Exalted and Most Honored mentioned that the disbelievers also
wondered about the Resurrection and discounted its coming,
﴿ أَءِذَا مِتۡنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابً۬اۖ ذَٲلِكَ رَجۡعُۢ بَعِيدٌ۬ ﴾
(When
we are dead and have become dust. That is a far return.) They said,
`after we die, disintegrate, with our organs torn apart and we become
dust, how can we be brought back to our original shape and bodies,'
﴿ ذَٲلِكَ رَجۡعُۢ بَعِيدٌ۬ ﴾
(That
is a far return.) `it is not likely that it will ever occur.' They
thought that Resurrection was far from happening and will never occur.
Allah the Exalted responded to their statement by saying,
﴿ قَدۡ عَلِمۡنَا مَا تَنقُصُ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ مِنۡہُمۡۖ ﴾
(We
know that which the earth takes of them.) meaning, `We know what the
earth consumes of their dead bodies.' Where and how the bodies
disintegrated, what they turned into and how they have become, all of
this is never absent from Allah's knowledge.
﴿ وَعِندَنَا كِتَـٰبٌ حَفِيظُۢ ﴾
(and
with Us is a Book preserved,) `that keeps all records. Therefore, Our
knowledge is encompassing and the Book of decrees has everything
precisely recorded in it. Al-`Awfi narrated that `Abdullah bin `Abbas
commented on the statement of Allah the Exalted,
﴿ قَدۡ عَلِمۡنَا مَا تَنقُصُ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ مِنۡہُمۡۖ ﴾
(We
know that which the earth takes of them,) "It refers to what the earth
consumes of their flesh, skin, bones and hair.'' A similar view was
recorded from Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and several others. Allah, the
Exalted and Most Honored, explained the reason behind their disbelief,
rebellion and discounting the possibility of what is truly possible,
﴿ بَلۡ كَذَّبُواْ بِٱلۡحَقِّ لَمَّا جَآءَهُمۡ فَهُمۡ فِىٓ أَمۡرٍ۬ مَّرِيجٍ ﴾
(Nay,
but they have denied the truth when it has come to them, so they are in
a Marij state.) This is the state of all those who defy the Truth:
whatever they say and utter after denying the Truth, is utterly false.
Marij means, in disarray, in a confused state and defying the
characteristics of the Truth. Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah,
﴿ إِنَّكُمۡ لَفِى قَوۡلٍ۬ مُّخۡتَلِفٍ۬ • يُؤۡفَكُ عَنۡهُ مَنۡ أُفِكَ ﴾
(Certainly, you have different ideas. Turned aside therefrom is he who is turned aside.)(51:8-9)
﴿ أَفَلَمۡ يَنظُرُوٓاْ إِلَى ٱلسَّمَآءِ فَوۡقَهُمۡ كَيۡفَ بَنَيۡنَـٰهَا وَزَيَّنَّـٰهَا وَمَا لَهَا مِن فُرُوجٍ۬ • وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ مَدَدۡنَـٰهَا وَأَلۡقَيۡنَا فِيہَا رَوَٲسِىَ وَأَنۢبَتۡنَا فِيہَا مِن كُلِّ زَوۡجِۭ بَهِيجٍ۬ • تَبۡصِرَةً۬ وَذِكۡرَىٰ لِكُلِّ عَبۡدٍ۬ مُّنِيبٍ۬ • وَنَزَّلۡنَا مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءً۬ مُّبَـٰرَكً۬ا فَأَنۢبَتۡنَا بِهِۦ جَنَّـٰتٍ۬ وَحَبَّ ٱلۡحَصِيدِ • وَٱلنَّخۡلَ بَاسِقَـٰتٍ۬ لَّهَا طَلۡعٌ۬ نَّضِيدٌ۬ • رِّزۡقً۬ا لِّلۡعِبَادِۖ وَأَحۡيَيۡنَا بِهِۦ بَلۡدَةً۬ مَّيۡتً۬اۚ كَذَٲلِكَ ٱلۡخُرُوجُ ﴾
(6.
Have they not looked at the heaven above them, how We have made it and
adorned it, and there are no Furuj in it) (7. And the earth! We have
spread it out, and set thereon Rawasi standing firm, and We planted in
it every lovely (Bahij) pair.) (8. An insight and a Reminder for every
servant who turns to Allah in repentance.) (9. And We send down blessed
water (rain) from the sky, then We produce therewith Jannat and grain
that are reaped.) (10. And date palms Basiqat, with arranged clusters.)
(11. A provision for the servants. And We give life therewith to a dead
land. Thus will be the Resurrection.)
Allah's Power and Ability over what is Greater than Resurrection
Allah
the Exalted notifies the servants of His infinite power, which He
demonstrated by creating what is bigger than that which they wondered
about and whose possibility they discount,
﴿ أَفَلَمۡ يَنظُرُوٓاْ إِلَى ٱلسَّمَآءِ فَوۡقَهُمۡ كَيۡفَ بَنَيۡنَـٰهَا وَزَيَّنَّـٰهَا ﴾
(Have they not looked at the heaven above them, how We have made it and adorned it,) with lamps;
﴿ وَمَا لَهَا مِن فُرُوجٍ۬ ﴾
(and
there are no Furuj in it) i.e., clefts, according to Mujahid. Others
said that Furuj means, rifts, or cracks. All these meanings are close to
one another. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,
﴿
ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ سَبۡعَ سَمَـٰوَٲتٍ۬ طِبَاقً۬اۖ مَّا تَرَىٰ فِى خَلۡقِ
ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ مِن تَفَـٰوُتٍ۬ۖ فَٱرۡجِعِ ٱلۡبَصَرَ هَلۡ تَرَىٰ مِن
فُطُورٍ۬ • ثُمَّ ٱرۡجِعِ ٱلۡبَصَرَ كَرَّتَيۡنِ يَنقَلِبۡ إِلَيۡكَ ٱلۡبَصَرُ خَاسِئً۬ا وَهُوَ حَسِيرٌ۬ ﴾
(Who
has created the seven heavens one above another; you can see no fault
in the creation of the Most Gracious. Then look again: "Can you see any
rifts'' Then look again and yet again, your sight will return to you in a
state of humiliation and worn out.) (67:2-4) fatigued, unable to
discover any imperfection or shortcomings. The statement of Allah the
Exalted, the Blessed,
﴿ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ مَدَدۡنَـٰهَا ﴾
(And the earth! We have spread it out, ) means, `We made it spacious and spread it out,'
﴿ وَأَلۡقَيۡنَا فِيهَا رَوَٲسِىَ ﴾
(and set thereon Rawasi standing firm.) which are the mountains to save the earth from shaking along with its inhabitants,
﴿ وَأَنۢبَتۡنَا فِيہَا مِن كُلِّ زَوۡجِۭ بَهِيجٍ۬ ﴾
(and We planted in it every lovely (Bahij) pair.) every kind and species of plant, fruit and vegetation,
﴿ وَمِن ڪُلِّ شَىۡءٍ خَلَقۡنَا زَوۡجَيۡنِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَذَكَّرُونَ ﴾
(And of everything We have created pairs that you may reflect.)(51:49) Allah's saying `Bahij', meaning a beautiful scene,
﴿ تَبۡصِرَةً۬ وَذِكۡرَىٰ لِكُلِّ عَبۡدٍ۬ مُّنِيبٍ۬ ﴾
(An
insight and a Reminder for every servant who turns to Allah in
repentance.) Allah says that observing the creation of the heavens and
earth and all the great things that He has placed in them provides
insight, proof and a lesson for every penitent servant who submits in
humbleness and repentance to Allah feeling fear, in awe of Him. Allah
the Exalted said,
﴿ وَنَزَّلۡنَا مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءً۬ مُّبَـٰرَكً۬ا ﴾
(And We send down blessed water from the sky,) meaning beneficial,
﴿ فَأَنۢبَتۡنَا بِهِۦ جَنَّـٰتٍ۬ ﴾
(then We produce therewith Jannat), means special and public parks, gardens, etc.
﴿ وَحَبَّ ٱلۡحَصِيدِ ﴾
(and grain that are reaped) grains that are harvested for food and for storage for later use,
﴿ بَاسِقَـٰتٍ۬ ﴾
(And
date palms Basiqat,) meaning, tall and high, according to the
explanation reported from Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Al-Hasan,
Qatadah and As-Suddi. Allah said,
﴿ لَّهَا طَلۡعٌ۬ نَّضِيدٌ۬ ﴾
(with arranged clusters.) producing fruits arranged in clusters,
﴿ رِّزۡقً۬ا لِّلۡعِبَادِۖ ﴾
(A provision for (Allah's) servants.) for (Allah's) creation,
﴿ وَأَحۡيَيۡنَا بِهِۦ بَلۡدَةً۬ مَّيۡتً۬اۚ ﴾
(And
We give life therewith to a dead land.) this is the land that was
barren. However, when rain falls upon it, it is stirred to life; it
swells and produces all of the lovely pairs such as flowers and the like
-- amazing on account of their beauty. All of this comes into existence
after the land was without greenery, yet it was stirred back to life
and became green. Indeed, this should provide proof of Resurrection
after death and disintegration; thus Allah resurrects the dead. This
sign of Allah's ability that is seen and witnessed is greater than the
denial of those who discount the possibility of Resurrection. Allah the
Exalted and Most Honored said in other Ayat,
﴿ لَخَلۡقُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ أَڪۡبَرُ مِنۡ خَلۡقِ ٱلنَّاسِ ﴾
(The creation of the heavens and the earth is indeed greater than the creation of mankind;) (40:57),
﴿
أَوَلَمۡ يَرَوۡاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ
وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَلَمۡ يَعۡىَ بِخَلۡقِهِنَّ بِقَـٰدِرٍ عَلَىٰٓ أَن يُحۡـِۧىَ
ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰۚ بَلَىٰٓ إِنَّهُ ۥ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىۡءٍ۬ قَدِيرٌ۬ ﴾
(Do
they not see that Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth, and was
not wearied by their creation, is able to give life to the dead Yes, He
surely is Able to do all things.)(46:33) and,
﴿
وَمِنۡ ءَايَـٰتِهِۦۤ أَنَّكَ تَرَى ٱلۡأَرۡضَ خَـٰشِعَةً۬ فَإِذَآ
أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَيۡہَا ٱلۡمَآءَ ٱهۡتَزَّتۡ وَرَبَتۡۚ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِىٓ
أَحۡيَاهَا لَمُحۡىِ ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰٓۚ إِنَّهُ ۥ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىۡءٍ۬
قَدِيرٌ ﴾
(And
among His signs (is this), that you see the earth barren; but when We
send down water to it, it is stirred to life and growth. Verily, He Who
gives it life, surely is able to give life to the dead. Indeed He is
Able to do all things.)(41:39)
﴿ كَذَّبَتۡ قَبۡلَهُمۡ قَوۡمُ نُوحٍ۬ وَأَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلرَّسِّ وَثَمُودُ • وَعَادٌ۬ وَفِرۡعَوۡنُ وَإِخۡوَٲنُ لُوطٍ۬ • وَأَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلۡأَيۡكَةِ وَقَوۡمُ تُبَّعٍ۬ۚ كُلٌّ۬ كَذَّبَ ٱلرُّسُلَ فَحَقَّ وَعِيدِ • أَفَعَيِينَا بِٱلۡخَلۡقِ ٱلۡأَوَّلِۚ بَلۡ هُمۡ فِى لَبۡسٍ۬ مِّنۡ خَلۡقٍ۬ جَدِيدٍ۬ ﴾
(12.
Denied before them the people of Nuh, and the Dwellers of Rass, and
Thamud,) (13. And `Ad, and Fir`awn, and the brethren of Lut,) (14. And
the Dwellers of Al-Aykah, and the people of Tubba`. Everyone of them
denied (their) Messengers, so My threat took effect.) (15. Were We then
tired with the first creation Nay, they are in confused doubt about a
new creation.)
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